in the Russian Federation according to the results of the population census in 2002 and 2010. It also reveals the ratio of urban and rural population of the Kazakh Diaspora and the reasons for the decline in the number of Kazakh Diaspora in Russia during the period between censuses.
There are about 4 million Russian people living in Kazakhstan, according to various estimates there are about from 650 000 till 1 500 000 ethnic Kazakhs living in Russian Federation. Nowadays, Kazakh Diaspora of Russia is the tenth by number among all ethnic people of the country. Basically, the areas of compact residence of Kazakh people and their families are located in the following regions bordering the Republic of Kazakhstan in Russia – in the Altai Territory, Omsk region, Chelyabinsk region, Kurgan region, Orenburg region, Saratov region, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. There in the Volga Federal District there are about (228016 people), South Federal District (201095 people), Astrakhan region (142633 people), Orenburg region (125568 people), Siberia Federal District (123914 people), Moscow city 7997 people, in Saint-Petersburg -2830 people.
At the All-Russia Population Census of 2002, just like the previous censuses, the method of population survey and filling out questionnaires was used (questionnaires) by specially trained copyists. During the census period, census workers went around all the premises of their enumeration area, where the population lived or could live (including offices, entrepreneurships’ and organizations). The recording of information in the census questionnaires was made from the words interviewed without presenting any documents confirming the correctness of the answers. Collection of information was also implemented in the stationary areas and in exclusive cases with the use of Mobile phone connection [1].
Statistical indicators testify the decreasing of a number of Kazakh ethnos. According to the results of the of Russian Federation in 2002 the number of Kazakh people consisted of 653 962 people, that conformed in the percent correlation 0,45 % relatively of the general population, however, the 2010 population census data the number of Kazakh people consisted of 647 736 – 0,45 %. Percentage did not change, as Russia during intercensal period observes the decrease of the number of population to 1,6 % (2 310 195 people). The total computation of decreasing number of Kazakh people it is observed for 6 230 people it means considerably for 0,9 %.
According to the 2002 Census, there are 653,962 ethnic Kazakhs in Russia. The city population consists of 212 741 people (32,5%), rural population –441 221 people (67,5%). For three years the quality of Kazakh people has increased for 18097 people (According to population census data if 1989 there about 635 865 people lived in Russian Federation).
The quality of Ethnic Kazakh people at the age of from 0 till 17 years consists of 29,9% (195547 people) of the total number of Kazakhs living in Russia. At the age of from 18 till 29 years 19,8% (129357 people) of Kazakh people lives. Also a large percentage of Kazakh population in Russian Federation is composed by a group of people at the age of from 30 to 44 лет – 28% (183728 people). The least part – 8,6% (56226 people) comes to Kazakh people living in Russia at the age of from 60 years and more [2].
But nevertheless, we can observe the preponderance of female population, especially it was noticed in 2010, the number of Kazakh people consists of 50,4 % from total number of Kazakh population. The quality of Kazakh women at the age of 15 and older, living in Russian Federation consists of 36,4%, or 252715 people. Among them Kazakh women: without children - 25%; who produced 1 child – 18,7%; who produced 2 or 3 children – 38,9%; who produced 4 or 6 children – 11% and who produced 7 children and more – 4,2%. Correlation of urban and rural Kazakh guy is not evenly. According to 2002, The percentage of the village inhabitant of Kazakh people is 67,5 % it is – 441 221 people, in 2010 – 63 % (408 827). Outflow of rural population to the city is noticeable. During intercensal period the number of urban Kazakh man increased for 26 164 people.
The main reason of decreasing in the number of Kazakhs is negative migration processes. Some Russian Kazakh people move to Kazakhstan and other countries, wherein basic part of Kazakh people departures precisely directed to Kazakhstan. There is state program for the repatriates support in Kazakhstan. The first state program for the support of the compatriots, living abroad, was enacted in 1996. The most important stage became the State program for the support of the compatriots, who live abroad, for 2005–2007, whose amount of financing composed more than 1,7 million tenge. That’s why lots of Russian Kazakh people came back to its historical Motherland thanks to that program. There is also counterflow of the Kazakh migration from Kazakhstan to border Russian regions. According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics in 2008 more than 2 thousand ethic Kazakh people left the country, entered above 7 000 oralmans [4, p.29]. Year after year the quota for oralmans were increasing: in 2000 the quotas for 500 families were approved, in 2002 – 2,6 thousand families, 2003– 5 thousand families, 2004– 10 thousand families. As a percentage based on CIS countries the number of arrived in the middle of 2000-s from Uzbekistan consisted of about 70 %, from Russia – 20 %, from near abroad: China – 57 %, Mongolia – 31 %, Germany– 6 %. On behalf of the President of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population in December 2008 there was the preparation of the program «Нұрлы кош» (“Nurly Kosh”). Its basic aim is comprised in resettlement of people who returned to their homeland, by creating the right conditions for life.
In connection with establishment of economic ties of Kazakhstan with Russia, common cultural historical bases where Kazakh people in Russia can become the necessary bridge for strengthening the further friendly relations between the states. That is why it is necessary to formulate respect to the culture of other people with the help of acquaintance with their holidays, customs, language learning.
According to Population census of 2002 ethical Kazakh people know 47 languages. 470699 people from all Kazakhs know Kazakh language that consists of 72%. The most popular languages are: Tatar, German, Bashkir, Altai and Uzbek. 98,2% of ethical Kazakh people know Russian. Almost one hundred percent of urban Kazakhs know Russian, villagers - 97,8%.
The “Kazakhs” group included those who noted the following birth names in the census form - Aday, Argyn, Bersh, Jahaybai, Jap, Kerei, Kypchak with Kazakh language, Nayman with Kazakh language, Nogay with Kazakh language, steppe Kazakhs, Tabyn, Tama, Torkara, Turkish Kazakh, and etc.
According to the results of the All-Russian population census in 2002, the Kazakh Diaspora in Russia can be divided into two groups: the first includes those of its representatives who live in border regions. Such group includes the large parts of Kazak people that mainly work in the sphere of agriculture. Among 14 regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, six regions (Kostanai, West Kazakhstan Region, North Kazakhstan Region, West Kazakhstan Region, Pavlodar and Aktyubinsk) border on the Russian Federation. The second group includes representatives of the Diaspora, those who live in the city. They more often have high education degree and are engaged in intellectual work [3].
The irredent and Diaspora of ethnic Kazakhs in the Russian Federation, which has formed, has been successfully adapted to the social and economic stratification of Russian society, has its common unifications and cultural centers (about 40) and by this serves as one more factor of the strengthening friendship between Kazakhstan and Russia.
REFERENCES
- Ракишева Б.И. Казахская диаспора и ирредента в России: статистический анализ [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://www.postsoviet.ru- (дата обращения 10.09.2017).
- Мауеканова А.Т. Казахская диаспора в Российской Федерации в межперепис- ной период 2002–2010 гг. [Kazakh diaspora in the Russian Federation in the period between censuses 2002–2010] [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: http://elib.ru/elib/books/Files/ pdf - (дата обращения 10.09.2017).
- Kaliyeva A. The Kazakh diaspora abroad and oralmans in Kazakhstan:
- historiographical analysis//Известия КазУМОиМЯ имени Абылай хана. Серия «Международное Отношения и Регионоведения» - №2(20). – 2015. – С.129-137.