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Нами было проведено клинико-нейропсихологическое обследование 250 больных с ХИСФ (работающих в фосфорном производстве Каратау-Жамбылской биогеохимической провинции)
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C использованием разработанных алгоритмов и моделей был произведен анализ ситуации в системе здравоохранения биогеохимической провинции. Рассчитаны интегрированные показатели здоровья
2010

Специфические особенности Каратау-Жамбылской биогеохимической провинции связаны с производством фосфорных минеральных удобрений.
2010

Hygienic questions mode teaching students with chronic lung diseases

The objective of the present investigation was to study health status of schoolchildren with chronic lung diseases under conditions of a secondary school. Check-up of health conducted twice a year involved somatic examination by specialists, diagnostics of a disease, identification of the level of physical development and the de gree of its harmonicity. The obtained data revealed a number of features in the health status of schoolchildren suffering from lung diseases, most of the children have a concomitant pathology, a higher morbidity rate, a slower rate of physical development; normal physical development is characteristicof a smaller proportion of such children. On starting school, these children have s sufficient level of functional preparedness, but not infrequently the demands put forwards by the current school routine far exceed the childrens functional potentialities.

Introduction. State school health largely determines their educational activity, efficiency and performance. However, children with chronic diseases, regular school subject to academic mode, the corresponding functionality of a healthy child. Features of the state of their health and performance require a differentiated approach to learning, creating for such children special hygienic conditions (G.N. Serdyukovskaya and co-authors; R. G. Sapozhnikova; E. P. Stromskaya and others.). Nowadays the most sinnificant part among diseases of schoolchilds is chronical nonspecific desiases of lungs (HNDL), these are diseases very shared today (V.I. Tysheckii).

The laws of the origin and development of bronchopulmonary pathology in children the subject of numerous studies. Along with this, especially the health of children suffering from HNDL and enrolled in regular school, are not well understood. and it was the objective of the present study.

Materials and methods. The study of health status was carried out twice a year, it included somatic examination by a specialist, the definition of resistance of the organism (the frequency and nature of previous and current diseases), level of physical development, his harmony. In addition, the children were assessed maturity level of the school (for admission to the first grade).

In the analysis of morbidity determined by the average duration of the first case of absenteeism due to illness and the index passes (I.D.Dubinskaya). Study of physical development provides certain height, body weight, chest circumference. For an individual assessment of the physical development of children using regression scales table (I.A.Oparin) and calculated the annual increment of total body size. To determine the level of school maturity used Kern-Jirasektest and measure of the degree of development of motor skills (cutting wheel). all189 primary school children were surveyed (1-3 grade), pulmonary cases registered offices clinics, and 200 healthy their peers.

Results and discussion. The resulst of research showed us that 189 children (25%) suffer from bronchitis recidives, other 30% - respirotornym allergies, 7% - chronic pneumonia, 24% - asthma, and 14% - chronic pneumonia with asthmatic syndrom. The majority of patients (92%) had comorbidities of CNDL and in 34% children surveyed 2 related chronic diseases and many greatest proportion of this disease were chronic ear diseases, throat, nosedeseases and first place in the structure of upper respiratory diseases occupied defeat lymphadenoidpharyngeal ring that is significantly higher than in healthy children (p<0.01).

Indicators of general morbidity of children CNDL in more than 2 times higher than in healthy schoolchildren. The most specific weight are acute respiratory infections, in second place - acute ENT diseases. In the structure of morbidity in healthy children have the same direction but the proportion of acute respiratory diseases in children is much less (p<0.01).

Analysis showed that the recurrence of disease were not ill during the year only 13% children suffering from CNDL, occasionally rooting (1-3 times during the year) - 55% often (4 times or more) - 32%. Among children suffering from CNDL number of sickly it turned 4.5 times higher than among healthy children. The most prolonged absenteeism due to illness in school children suffering from CNDL exacerbation occurred at the main chronic diseases and after them from infectious diseases. Average duration absenteeism due to illness was 1.5 times higher than in healthy children. The greatest length of absenteeism was observed in children with chronic pneumonia, the lowest - with respiratory allergies.

It should be noted that the number of days of missed children are not always consistent with the data on the incidence according to information from the clinic. Often omissions attributed complaints of fatigue, weakness, malaise, took place without any special treatment.

We conducted an analysis of gaps (Ip), taking into account the severity of the underlying disease. Results showed that children suffering from CNDL for the school year missed classes much more than their healthy peers virtually (Ip - 18.1 vs. 10.3). The greatest number of missed days was noted in chronic pneumonia (Ip - 24.5). Lots of missed days in children both surveyed groups accounted for 3 training quarter (Ip - 22.5 and 17.3 respectively). Among children suffering from CNDL were 66.7 children with normal physical development, which was 1.3 times lower compared to healthy children (79%), was significantly more numerous group of children underweight (21.4% vs. 13.0%) . There were no significant differences in the number of children with excess body weight and children with short stature and possible delay of physical development among subjects not found.

Analysis of physical development, taking into account the severity of the pathology data showed that children underweight are more common among patients with chronic pneumonia, bronchial asthma, among the persons registered on the disease for 3 years or more.Analysis of the annual growth rates of the main body size (height, weight, chest circumference) revealed positive dynamic all examined (Table 1), and at the same time less

approach. One possible way to a differentiated approach (an extra day off, liberation from the past lessons, to teaching these children in mainstream schools - the reducing the volume of homework).

 

REFERENCES

  1. Antropova M.V., Efimova S.P., Loseva O.A. Mode of the day, performance and health of schoolchildren (at training for new programs). - M.: 1974. - 416 р.
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  5. Oparin I.A. Physiological development of children of school and pre-school age in Leningrad. - Leningrad: 1975. - 342 p.
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