Modernization of governmental service on developing countries on the present stage is an actual problem. It is abundantly obvious that in many respects, mainly the economic reforms implementation, the society democratization trends, and total stabilization and country development depends on exact current system of the governing, officials professionalism, their abilities and creativeness, adherence to the selected country’ policy.
Gained by the Republic of Kazakhstan the sovereignty and independence has caused necessity of political modernization. Sate governing modernization and carrying out of political reforms would promote the Kazakhstan society’ consolidation, increase the authority and prestige of Kazakhstan on the world scene, that could allow our country to become one of the joints of world policy, civilizations dialogues, stableness and integration in Central Asian region.
Administrative reforms carried out in the country in the frames of political system modernization gets its very special urgency, as a primary factor of Kazakhstan’ competitiveness providing is the effective government management. With a view to implement the strategy of occurrence of Kazakhstan in the list of 50 competitive countries of the world the importance of government managing system reforming increases. It is important as the stableness and efficiency of the state governing is the basement and the condition when all other economic and social reforms can successfully be carried out. Today in Kazakhstan it is carried out more than 16 national programs. Dynamics and fulfilling of each direction is distinguished. The key direction or the canvas of all other reforms is, first of all, reform of state governing.
Therefore in Kazakhstan, the new model of the government in its political and administrative sphere as well as in organizational the legal form today is necessary. The state, being the special body of the political power, has its problems and functions. These tasks in practice are performed by means of divisions and government institutes at different levels of the government which gain their authority and force in effective functioning of structures and institutes.
Keeping in mind the political and practical importance of timeliness of carrying out administrative reform and elaboration of rational, modern model of the government in Kazakhstan, President N.Nazarbaev has acted with the program report «Government modernization on principles of corporate governance, transparency and public accountability», sounded on September, 1st, 2006 when opening the third session of the third convocation of Parliament of Republic Kazakhstan when it was noticed: «We will build qualitatively new model of the government where the interests of the state services consumers will be put as the corner-stone. The state system should function on corporative govern principles, transparency and public accountability, handling the best international experience» (1).
Since independence in Kazakhstan they launched the process of optimization and the government perfection which purposed creation the professional Government who manage effective solving current and perspective projects of country development. «Our problem, - was stated in the strategic program «Kazakhstan – 2030 », - is to create for Kazakhstan effective, modern state service which would be conform to market economy; to elect the government, being in charge to implement the priority aims; to build the state, protecting the national interests» (2). Thus at each stage they solved the problems which a precise moment of social, economic and political mood of the country suggested.
The fundamental document, stating the priorities in developing the Kazakhstan’ system of state-administration managerial control is «Long-term strategy of development of Kazakhstan». It formulated the task «to elaborate for Kazakhstan an effective, modern state service and its structural of management which would much conform to market economy » (3).
The idea of modernization of the government, based on the managerial approach, popular in the West in the second half of the XX century, became the basis of administrative reform in Kazakhstan. Starting from 2003 in Kazakhstan they shifted into competitive - evaluation model of state service. To improve the state service, on July, 2005 the changes have been made in the Law «About state service». The RK President’s Decree of May 3, 2005 confirmed the Code of honor for state officials of RK which has strong anti- venal practices character and stipulates the detailed norms required to behavior of state employees. Each state office runs its Book of ethics control. Any citizen may put in writing the fact of legitimate rights’ infringement and Code norms breaking by state employees. The Republic Kazakhstan President’ Decree of April, 14, 2005 «About measures of strengthening the fight against corruption, advancing discipline and subordination in activity of state structures and officials» they set disciplinary councils of Agency on state service in all regions of the republic.
The process of the government system perfection in Kazakhstan with its part as local government should necessarily be accompanied by management decentralization. It is normal stage of local government evolution that proves to be true by existing practice and history of municipal joints creation in abroad.
Kazakhstan, as other CIS countries, has inherited from the former USSR the centralized control system of the state, economy, a society. The first years of independence gaining brought to the republic government several priority problems, as founding the basement of the state, the country sovereignty strengthening, preserving the territorial integrity. At that given stage government centralization was conforming to the situation.
The law «About the local government in Republic Kazakhstan» subordinates the accurate scheme of the local
government and defines jurisdiction of local executive bodies in all levels, starting from regional, district (city) and village, aul (rural) level.
According to this Law, in Kazakhstan the local government is executed by local representative bodies (maslikhats), local executive bodies (akimats). Akim as the head of a local executive office, and also the executive structure itself are subsidized by local budgets, i.e. the official bodies authorized by Akim to fulfill separate functions of local management (so-called branch departments, managements, departments).
Decentralization should reach schools, hospitals, local systems water- and electrical supplies so that to promote better accountability of officials and service providers to country consumers. Functions transfer assumes transfer of more governance and controls to local authorities. When local taxes and functions of an expenditure of funds are well combined with system of the central financing, decentralization can promote creation of system of controls and counterbalances between branches of government and services supplying in the peripheries. However, decentralization advantages could be lost, if a financial and other element of Center and regions relationships does not fit with each other.
On modern stage of the country development, proceeding from necessity of the further developing the government efficiency, the priorities are the questions of more accurate differentiation of functions between all levels of the governing, moving over the center of reforms performance on the lower levels of the local government and creating the system of real municipal management. Functions distributing between regional, district (city) and rural governing levels today is delegated to regional level and often looks like centralized scheme of management. That means, all jurisdictions, delegated from the center remains on regional level that not exactly fit to the idea of spent reforms.
As it is known, strategic planning is one of the most effective tools of the state reforming. And Kazakhstan was the first state on the post-Soviet territory, shifted to strategic planning. For Kazakhstan as the long-term program, for sure, is the Strategy of Kazakhstan’ development till 2030, where it was precisely defined the country’ basic development directions for the long period.
Now all state structures of Kazakhstan work over introducing the state planning focused on results. In the end of 2007 it has been accepted the concept of new system of the state planning focused on achieving the strategic targets and tasks of the state controlled by indicators of productivity. Since 2008 the central state structures have started working out of strategic plans of the activity in 2009 – 2011 years. It means that state bodies’ activity will be directed to reaching strategic targets and tasks, gaining precise results (4).
In the world practice developed countries and the largest transnational companies use the strategic planning with a view to increase competitiveness. Certainly, without accurate strategic planning the state loses its ability to realize own mission and becomes dependent on a situation.
In Kazakhstan the process of government reforming definitively isn't finished. All measures implementation in administrative reform involves large organizational, including legislative work and considerable material resources. It is necessary to remind that any reforming, and management system reforms in particular, is the long and difficult process consuming efforts of all society and that is important, opennesses of the authorities for with it.
Today Kazakhstan is on a threshold of the next stage of construction of effective, flexible, reliable and professional system of the government. The further government system reforming in Kazakhstan should be carried out by the coordinated efforts of the state and public structures.
- Nazarbayev N.A. Modernization of the government on corporate governance principles, transparency and the accountability to the \\ Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, - September 2, 2006..
- The future well-being of the country – to start to build today (the Report of the President of РК, N. Nazarbayev, at meeting of a republican top managers )//Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, October 11,
- The President of Republic Kazakhstan. About Strategy of territorial development of Republic Kazakhstan up to 2015: the Decree from August 28, 2006 № 167// zakon. kz.
- Ivatova. Political technologies as a way of performing the political modernization of the Kazakhstan society//Actual problems of modernization of Republic Kazakhstan: economy, policy, ideology. - Almaty, 2005. - С.11.