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Some priorities of political modernization and consolidation of Kazakhstan society

At a boundary of XX and XXI centuries the Republic of Kazakhstan appeared in a situation of the acute system crisis which has involved in all spheres of life of society, the state and the personality, caused search of innovative ways and ways of an exit from it. The crisis state of the Kazakhstan society presses for changes of all system of values and functioning political institutes, an urgent need of democratic unitary reorganization of Kazakhstan statehood, search and formation qualitatively subjects of the social communication, essential change  of an essence and character of system of activity and the relations, the development of new model of social choice meeting requirement of self-identification of Kazakhstan as the modern, strong, democratic state.

From crisis we connect prospect of conclusion of the country with political modernization which, as well as other modernization, is inevitable and necessary.

Speaking about political modernization as a whole, it is possible to note that this process is a powerful factor of consolidation which is so necessary for modern Kazakhstan. In turn, consolidation is the consent based on variety and trust of acting political actors; cooperation and mutual aid of the parties and the patriotic forces participating  in  political  modernization;  solidarity  of  views,  positions  of  Kazakhstan  citizens,  directed  on  formation  and strengthening of Kazakhstan state leaning in the activity, first of all, on democracy, high spirituality and support of Kazakhstan citizens.

In the course of political modernization, consolidation of multinational Kazakhstan society has fragmentary character. Speaking about consolidation from the point of view of the politological doctrine, in our opinion, it would be correct to speak about political consolidation, as the main link of political modernization of Kazakhstan society in its valuable measurement.

The essence of political consolidation of the people is defined, first of all, by way of production of material benefits, type of relations of production and civilizations. Political consolidation of the people serves  as the  specific law of development and rapprochement of the people caused by need of interaction of the nations, nationalities, national and ethnic groups, and the states. In this regard it is necessary to tell that studying of this problem is priority for the Republic of Kazakhstan too. President N.A. Nazarbayev spoke: "Especially I would  like to address to our specialists -political scientists, scientists of the sphere of social sciences. In my opinion, problems of the international relations can and have to become key in your researches. Society extremely needs the accurate characteristic of processes occurring in this area, and not only in Kazakhstan, but also around the world, knowledge of possible prospects of formation of the interethnic relations" [1].

140 nationalities which total number makes 17 million people lives in sovereign, independent Kazakhstan. Its independence was recognized by about 150 states, diplomatic relations are established with 120 countries. According to opinions of scientists, by the end of the XXI century the population of our country will reach 50 million people, and Kazakhs – 30 million [2]. Moreover, Kazakhstan is the unique state center of Eurasia and can become a peculiar binding bridge between Asia and Europe, the East and the West, between world religions, between the Slavic and Turkish people, etc.

In our opinion, it would be expedient to consider in comparative aspect of concepts – "political consolidation" and "national consolidation" in a context of political modernization. In turn, the national consolidation in its character and content is the concrete historical phenomenon. In it the social being of the nation set of, characterizing the contents, level and features of its spiritual development is reflected.  These are subjective images of objectively existing of national factors of people activity. National consolidation, for example, at representatives of the Kazakh people or other people isn't generated by his certain representatives, and arises in collective consciousness of a national community and at each certain person owing to the various reasons can unequally be shown.

In this regard it is necessary to tell that national consolidation is conscious, on the basis of the created common interests, association, people unity for the purpose of strengthening, activization of joint activity according to the solution of the ripened tasks, achievements of common goals.

Kernel and essential component of national consolidation of the people is their political consolidation. The object, subject it has concrete etiquette, its past, the real, future place and role among other people. So, for  example, in national consciousness of Kazakh people the relation to other national educations, understanding, understanding of character of a community and distinction personal and others' is fixed, mainly. Refracting in "I" each individual in his political consolidation, the valid state of affairs can find the correct or perverted reflection. Only free from unscientific representations, the nationalist and chauvinistic feelings, the consolidation got by original internationalism reflects original national interests of the people.

Political consolidation of the people of Kazakhstan is very dynamic and floatingly in time. Their political consolidation is in essence knowledge of own essence, system of representations of the people about itself. Political consolidation of Kazakhstan citizens possesses a certain structure.  It is possible to refer understanding of  a national identity, national pride of the best traditions of the people to its structural elements, its contribution to development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and mankind progress, ethnic consciousness,p national stereotypes, ideas of the territory, culture, language, the historical past, national interests, the relation to other people.

Thus, political consolidation of the people of Kazakhstan is an understanding of national and all-Kazakhstan life: as expressions and reflections of set of social and economic, territorial and cultural, ethnolinguistic characteristics of a national community, understanding and an assessment the people itself in the past and the present, places and roles in society progress, and as understanding by the Kazakhstan citizen of other people as equal to the people and the relation of the Kazakhstan citizen to other people as to the equal.

Political consolidation of the people is characterized by those lines where it is shown in the sphere of economy, culture, life, communications (in particular, language), territorial moving of the people, and also in the sphere of the understanding – in ideological area. It is necessary to distinguish, thus, political consolidation of the people as some independent of will of certain people and from a certain political strategy.

Geographical development of the globe, studying of the main regions of a planet and its people was the precondition of political consolidation. On this basis conditions for development of the international economic relations, international trade began to develop. Development of economic relations  promoted  formation  of cultural communications, an exchange of scientific activity, art development.

On the basis of these objective processes of political consolidation of the people there is an ideological understanding of the international unity of mankind. Erazm Roterodamus acts with idea of humanity, the concept of a community of all people; Russo and the French educators refer to the general nature of all people as on argument of social equality and democratic development of society. It is possible to tell that emergence of the centralized states and integration on certain bases of their population strengthened need for political consolidation of the people of historical process. 3

In the considered plan the political consolidation of the people belongs not only to the past and the present, but also characterizes, predicts lines of the future. In this aspect of political consolidation of the people understood from the point of view of as dialectic mechanisms, it is possible to speak as about category of historical process and predicting some lines of the future in life of the people.

The political consolidation characterizing an originality of life of the concrete people, are shown: language factor in the form of uniform, common language. Political consolidation of the people is a way of a survival, ensuring continuation of own sort, to preserve and develop that heritage which was created by previous  generations in all its variety and on this basis, to save from self-damage and self-destruction mankind.  Preservation and development by the people of own ethnicity can't be reached, remaining in a rigid framework of nationalism or a mankurtizm, cosmopolitism. Movement of human history in the direction of achievement of  unity in variety is possible only on the basis of the statement in relationship between the people of the principle of political consolidation which would exclude violence and coercion on the ethnic soil.

Political consolidation of the people during political modernization together with democracy, the rights and freedoms of the person is the center in system of basic values of a new social system to which Kazakhstan aspires. On the parameters it belongs to values fully humanistic as focuses people, irrespective of their ethnic origin, on coexistence, achievement of a common goal not at the expense of each other, and joint efforts, on the basis of mutual understanding and constructive cooperation.

Political consolidation of the people expresses a certain system of the valuable relations which objects are the external phenomena in relation to the ethnic subject – set of elements of the economic and political contents. It is obvious that the system of the relations of the ethnic subjects, keeping and developing integrity and unity of society, acts as that criterion of the valuable relations which are equitable to interests of this social whole. The categorial essence and the valuable content of political consolidation of the people consists in it.

Political consolidation of the people opens itself through the human relations in various spheres of public life. The economic content of political consolidation of the people is expressed: first, in the general care of citizens of various nationalities in enhancement of public wealth; secondly, in development of material and production base  of the state; thirdly in establishment of such relations which would exclude discrimination, division of people on ethnic sign in the production management sphere.

The political content of political consolidation of the people is that basis which provides functioning and development of democratic society, equality of all before the law, proves through social and economic and  political stability, the civil world, mutual understanding and cooperation of various national educations.

In spiritual and moral aspect in the course of political modernization, political consolidation of the people opens itself through broad interaction of national cultures, their mutual enrichment and mutually comprehension, familiarizing of mutually communicating subjects with cultural wealth of each other, formation of spiritual communication who are capable to approve trust and openness, objectiveness and respect in human relations, conduct to overcoming of the developed negative stereotypes.

Therefore, during political modernization in its valuable measurement by a major factor of social and  economic and political development of multinational Kazakhstan society is a political consolidation of the people of Kazakhstan which in turn, put in the forefront the most important problems of strengthening of national security, internal political stability, and also its democratization.

The successful solution of the tasks caused by the difficult period of formation of the Kazakhstan statehood, republic transition to the market economic relations, the beginning of democratic transformations, demanded taking measures, the people directed on social and economic consolidation, the Kazakhstan society, as a whole.

 

 

  1. Nazarbayev N. A. For peace and harmony in our house//the Kazakhstan truth. 25 марта.1995. 2 . Arguments and facts. - No. 40. – 2007 . – Page 7.
  2. Malinin V. International consent in Kazakhstan: problems, contradictions, prospects. - Almaty, 1997. – Page 3.
  3. См.: Sozialphilosophische, politische und rechtliche Aspekte der Modernisierung – Berlin, 2012. –    S. 115-128. 

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