Другие статьи

Цель нашей работы - изучение аминокислотного и минерального состава травы чертополоха поникшего
2010

Слово «этика» произошло от греческого «ethos», что в переводе означает обычай, нрав. Нравы и обычаи наших предков и составляли их нравственность, общепринятые нормы поведения.
2010

Артериальная гипертензия (АГ) является важнейшей медико-социальной проблемой. У 30% взрослого населения развитых стран мира определяется повышенный уровень артериального давления (АД) и у 12-15 % - наблюдается стойкая артериальная гипертензия
2010

Целью нашего исследования явилось определение эффективности применения препарата «Гинолакт» для лечения ВД у беременных.
2010

Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение эффективности и безопасности препарата лазолван 30мг у амбулаторных больных с ХОБЛ.
2010

Деформирующий остеоартроз (ДОА) в настоящее время является наиболее распространенным дегенеративно-дистрофическим заболеванием суставов, которым страдают не менее 20% населения земного шара.
2010

Целью работы явилась оценка анальгетической эффективности препарата Кетанов (кеторолак трометамин), у хирургических больных в послеоперационном периоде и возможности уменьшения использования наркотических анальгетиков.
2010

Для более объективного подтверждения мембранно-стабилизирующего влияния карбамезапина и ламиктала нами оценивались перекисная и механическая стойкости эритроцитов у больных эпилепсией
2010

Нами было проведено клинико-нейропсихологическое обследование 250 больных с ХИСФ (работающих в фосфорном производстве Каратау-Жамбылской биогеохимической провинции)
2010


C использованием разработанных алгоритмов и моделей был произведен анализ ситуации в системе здравоохранения биогеохимической провинции. Рассчитаны интегрированные показатели здоровья
2010

Специфические особенности Каратау-Жамбылской биогеохимической провинции связаны с производством фосфорных минеральных удобрений.
2010

Current relations between the republic of Korea and north Korea

In late 2007, the new President of the Republic of Korea was elected Lee Myonbak, and for 25 February 2008, in his inaugural speech as the new political trend in North Korea, he proclaimed a pragmatic approach based on co-existence and co- prosperity. The main purpose has been called the establishment of a solid foundation for peaceful reunification. The most important elements in the implementation of this objective were to be resolving the DPRK nuclear issue, economic development and cooperation with the North-South. 

The formula "- openness - 3000 denuclearization" was put forward as a fundamental concept. It was assumed that the North must give up its nuclear program, consistently pursue a policy of openness and economic reform. It was assumed that these measures, as well as the active cooperation with the South will allow for 10 years to increase the per capita income in North Korea up to 3 thousand. Dollars. After that maybe true partnership between North and South. The ultimate goal of inter-Korean dialogue was called the reform and liberalization of the North Korean society. If all of these conditions, on the basis of economic cooperation and the peaceful settlement of all issues is possible to combine the two Koreas. Thus, under the new concept of the focus shifted to the resolution of the situation around the North Korean nuclear program. It was assumed that the cooperation between the two countries will remain in full, but the new steps will be possible only after progress in the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula [1].

The new administration are being actively criticized the policy of previous presidents left-liberal leaning toward the North. It was pointed out that inter-Korean relations have been overly politicized, the leading role in the negotiation process has been given to Pyongyang. The criterion of success of the talks served as the fact reach agreements, and not their implementation. As a serious political mistake to consider friendship with Pyongyang previous administrations that has led to differences in the relationship of Seoul and Washington. It is also quite obvious criticism was subjected to and the fact that the two inter-Korean summit was paid for the South Korean side. Inter-Korean cooperation has been characterized as corrupt [2].

This political rhetoric was extremely negatively perceived in the north of the peninsula. The desire of the new South Korean administration to withdraw from the past experience of the separation of aspects of political, economic and humanitarian shown to be ineffective. Discussion on the issues of nuclear disarmament, as well as the focus on human rights issues have led to the fact that the official Pyongyang called the new political line of "anti-North Korean copying line pursued by American conservatives, who seek to stifle the DPRK," [3].

President Lee Mѐnbak was named "national traitor", the contacts between the two countries were suspended. Trying new administration to link the provision of humanitarian assistance to the abandonment of the nuclear program has led to the fact that there was a gradual folding of the inter-Korean exchanges at the official level. In March 2008, the industrial complex of 11 South Korean officials have been sent in Kaesong [4]. At the same time North Korea has stepped up its contacts with the US and South began to lose the initiative in relations with the North. Reducing the role of the Republic of Kazakhstan led to the further consolidation of China as a major partner of North Korea in the region.

In July 2008, against the backdrop of rapidly declining ratings, as well as the conditions of the beginning of the dismantling of nuclear facilities in Yongbyon, President Lee Mѐnbak on speech in the National Assembly he said that the dialogue between the two Koreas to resume. Special attention was paid to the implementation of agreements made by previous administrations [5]. North Korea in no hurry with mating steps. At the end of 2008 there was a tightening of requirements for South Korean citizens staying on the territory of the DPRK.

In 2008 the trade turnover between the two countries remained at the same high level - it was $ 1.82 million This was primarily due to the fact that even under the previous administration, including in the inter-Korean summit in 2007, was signed a few. economic agreements, some of them continued to work. However, in the second half of 2008, the intensity of the economic vzaimodeystviya began to decline, which was due to both the cooling of inter-Korean relations and the influence of incipient global economic crisis.

Kaesong industrial complex continued his work: the end of 2008 on its territory operated 93 South Korean firms, they have been employed about 38 thousand North Korean workers.. Total production reached 251.4 million dollars. Operations within the framework of the Kaesong complex made up about 45% of the total inter- Korean trade. However, the observed complexity: in December 2008 the number of permits has been reduced for travel to Kaesong complex to 250 people and 150 vehicles per day, the total number of South Korean experts in the complex was reduced to 880 people. [6]

In July 2008, there was a tragic incident in the tourist complex Kumgang. South Korean tourist committed near golf outing, golf course, and went on a closed territory for foreign military facility. She was fired by North Korean soldiers and of his injuries died on the spot. North Korea has refused to carry out a joint investigation into the incident. Trips to the tourist area were suspended.

In 2008, there was another new disturbing trend: more active again began to be used on the National Security Act. This legal act was passed in 1948 and was sent to the fight against anti-state activities, threatening the country's security. As an anti-state organization examines the DPRK. In fact, this regulation was designed to prevent pro-North Korean activities and propaganda of communism. In the years of authoritarian rule has been used very widely, including to combat the opposition movement. It is in the framework of the law, was sentenced to death by the future president of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kim Dechzhun. During the period of democratic transition this regulation is practically not used.

In August 2008, on charges of violating the National Security Law was arrested a well-known South Korean scientist and politician, professor About Sechhol. His organization of the left-wing Socialist Workers' Union actively participated in the demonstrations antipravitelstvennyh related to lifting the ban on imports of US beef. Marxist nature of the structure of the opposition and allowed the use of its leader against the National Security Act. Subsequently About Sechhol he was acquitted and released, but the trend continued. The National Security Act has been more frequently used again against South Korean citizens who approve of the activities of the DPRK.

At the end of 2008 at the level of political rhetoric prospects of bilateral relations were assessed as a whole rather contradictory. In the work plan of the Ministry of unification of Kazakhstan for 2009 as a priority objective it indicated large-scale resumption of cooperation with the DPRK. In fact, the situation was considered to be extremely simple. It is no coincidence was the appointment as Minister of the United Hyun Intek, known for his harsh criticism of the northern policy of previous administrations. It Hyun Intek was one of the developers of the program "denuclearization - open - 3000", which caused an extremely negative reaction in the North. In North Korea the situation was assessed as not-quite negatively: in mid-January 2009, the North Korean television has been shown by the representative of the country's highest military circles. It was suggested that the war with the military puppets of the South is inevitable [7].

At the end of January 2009. North Korea's Committee for the peaceful obedi¬nenie Homeland announced the cancellation of all previous agreements between the South and the North, which related to the military sphere, including agreements on the summits in 2000 and 2007. Including stopped working agreement to end the confrontation, measures to reduce tension, rejection of hostile propaganda in the vicinity of the DMZ, and so on.

Then the issue was raised again on the North demarcation line in the Yellow Sea, in an area which is already taking place military clashes in 1999 , 2002, 2004. In 1953 this line was unilaterally taken by the United UN

North Korea does not recognize this line, but tries not to violate its borders. Cancellations military agreements meant that the North is increasingly beginning to lean toward a policy of confrontation.

Missile and nuclear tests that took place in the spring of 2009, led to the rise of the crisis on the Korean Peninsula and further deterioration of bilateral relations. In March 2009 (in response to annual joint US-South Korean exercises) North Korea cut off telephone line between the two states. North walked out of six-party talks, and withdrew from the Armistice Agreement in 1953, following the accession of Kazakhstan to the PSI WMD (Security Initiative to combat the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction). In late May, the South Korean authorities have imposed a ban on the import of North Korean goods and equipment, except for essentials.

Most of the official communication channels, which were created for in relation to the DPRK's decade-friendly policy, in fact were lost. He continued to work the Kaesong industrial complex, however, and its activities were observed complexity. The representatives of the DPRK demanded quadruple wages to North Korean workers and start paying rent for the land since 2010 tourist tours from South Korea to Kaesong have been suspended. Kaesong complex thus became increasingly used for political pressure on the part of North Korea.

In August 2009, the overall situation on the Korean peninsula has improved largely due to steps taken by both North Korea and the US side. These events have had a positive impact on the dynamics of the relationship between North and South. A high-level North Korean delegation visited Seoul in August 2009 in connection with the death of former President Kim Dechzhuna. During the visit there was a meeting of heads of delegation with Lee Mѐnbakom. The North Korean side expressed hope for improvement of bilateral relations and the restoration of economic cooperation between the two countries. As a concession the North canceled the restrictions on visits to the Kaesong industrial complex, as well as significantly reduced demands for higher wages. The issues of the meetings of separated families. Again telephone line has been restored, it was reported that during the secret talks discussed the third meeting of the heads of two states [8].

Softening point of the North Korean side it might be due to factors such as the desire to stabilize the situation in the region in connection with a possible transfer of power. In 2008-2009. news agencies are increasingly published photographs showing the obvious deterioration in the health of Kim Jong Il. Repeatedly appeared unverified and subsequently unconfirmed reports about his imminent demise. Domestic political factors related to the transfer of power could lead to the escalation of the situation both at the end of 2008 and to normalize it in mid-2009

The events of March 2010, when the Yellow Sea, near the North boundary line, sank a South Korean corvette "Cheonan", has again raised tempers. In May 2010, Lee Mѐnbak President in his address to the nation announced the introduction of new sanctions against the North, including the refusal of all forms of cooperation. Kazakhstan has made it clear that to return to the six-party talks is not going to.

For the investigation of the incident has created an international commission of inquiry, it was composed of experts from the Republic of Korea, the United States, Britain, Australia and Sweden. The Commission concluded that the cause of the flooding of the ship became torpeda manufactured in North Korea and released from North Korean Mob-boat discharge.

However, not everyone agreed with the official version. Thus, the independent South Korean experts suggested that a North Korean submarine could not go unnoticed in the area under enhanced supervision by the South Korean and US Navy. An independent investigation conducted and Russian experts, however, the final report was classified. According to some reports, the experts concluded that the explosion was triggered by one of the mines laid in the disputed territorial waters back in 1970 [9].

It is noteworthy that the UN Security Council the fact of the death of the corvette "Cheonan" took quite a cautious statement. In the document it was stated that the ship was made the attack, but the direct culprit was named. Thus, in making this statement all versions of the incident have been taken into account. Additional sanctions against North Korea are not administered by the UN resolution and unilaterally states such as the US, Canada, Japan.

It began another round of crisis: all contacts between the DPRK and the ROK have been suspended, against North Korea's new sanctions were introduced. In response to the incident with the loss of the ship of the United States Army and the Republic of Korea in the summer-autumn 2010 we conducted a series of military exercises in the air and on the water with the assistance of the US Seventh Fleet forces. Officially it was stated that these joint exercises should be a message to North Korea about the inadmissibility of aggressive attacks in the future. [10]

The incident with the corvette "Cheonan" not only led to the curtailment of contacts between the North and South of the Korean Peninsula, the failure of the six-party format of talks on the nuclear issue, but also one of the factors seriously complicate US-China relations. At the end of August - beginning of September between the two Koreas resumed contacts Red Cross. They were caused by the North need for humanitarian aid after floods series. In late September, it held its first two years the military talks in Panmunjom. In their framework in particular discussed the situation around the explosion of the corvette "Cheonan". Results of these talks have not yielded, but the fact that their conduct was regarded as a positive trend.

In the fall of 2010, the situation again heated. November 23 world news agencies spread around the disturbing news: the Korean peninsula is once again in flames. At this time, the incident again occurred in the Yellow Sea, near the North boundary line. North Korea has made several dozen shots of the shells fell on the South Korean island of Yeonpyeong. As a result, it was destroyed about seventy buildings were casualties among the troops, which is located on the island, as well as among the civilian population. In response to South Korean artillery fire struck a few blows to the North Korean territory.

The North Korean news agency KCNA said that the shelling was provoked by the South Korean side. During this period, in the Yellow Sea were conducted annual military exercises of South Korean troops, which aimed at working out fighting in possible clashes with North Korea. North Korea officially warned Seoul that in the event of the exercise response will follow immediately. Thus, the formal reason for the shelling was the annual military exercise of Kazakhstan. It is noteworthy that before the incident, these North Korean artillery units visited by Kim Jong Il and his third son, Kim Jong Yn

In the Yellow Sea, near the North boundary line military clashes occurred in 2002 and 2004. However the events of 2010 caused the greatest resonance. In the case of the explosion of the corvette "Cheonan," the Republic of Korea for the first time suffered a maximum single loss since the Korean War. During the shelling Yeonpyeong Island artillery attack underwent a territory of Kazakhstan and North Korea, which was also unusual for the last decades. The normalization of relations between the two Koreas became increasingly illusory in this period.

The negative consequences these incidents may have in the medium term. From the point of view of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the death of the corvette "Cheonan" to blame North Korea. Sooner or later, the resumption of dialogue in the conditions of the South may demand an apology for the bombing. The North does not recognize his guilt (unlike, for example, the situation in 2002), and therefore, from an apology will be rejected. Such a situation could seriously complicate the negotiations, reduce the effectiveness of the dialogue in the future become a source of conflict.

The international community demanded that the state of the Korean Peninsula to prevent further escalation of tension. In fact, at the end of 2010, the parties, first of all, North Korea, have demonstrated a willingness to return to dialogue: North Korea has agreed to inspections by the IAEA. In early 2011, in the newspaper "Rodong Sinmun" appeared editorial, which said that in the relationship between North and South as it should happen as soon as possible discharge. In the New Year's address South Korean leader Lee Mѐnbaka also was suggested that the road to peace is still open.

In late January, the words followed by action: the North Korean Defense Minister Kim Yonchyn sent recently appointed to a similar post in South Korea Kim Kvanchzhinu official telegram with a proposal to hold military talks in order to discuss military clashes choby 2010 (expected to be created in the course of their the basis for a series of talks at the level of senior army command). But when at the beginning of February 2011, they took place, it did not happen. The reason was the lack of space between the negotiating parties.

In April 2011, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Kim Sonhvan put forward two key demands to the North: the return to the six-party format of talks is possible only after the resumption of inter-Korean dialogue, also pointed out that North Korea must demonstrate a sincere intention to proceed with denuclearization. In the same period, China has taken the initiative in the framework of the six-party format to start negotiations with the inter-Korean discussions of nuclear issues. In the second stage negotiations should take place between the US and North Korea - that this format for years and is seeking North Korea. The third stage meant a return to the traditional six-party interaction.

In May 2011, held secret talks between the North and the South. Once again, questions about North Korea's nuclear program were raised, as well as the apology for the incidents around the corvette "Cheonan" and the shelling Yonphyondo. Again by virtue of reasons stated above have not been achieved. Negotiations have also been complicated by a new factor: the events in Libya, a few years earlier to abandon its nuclear program in exchange for guarantees from the Western countries did not contribute to the achievement of a compromise on the nuclear issue. All the more obvious it became that North Korea's nuclear program is becoming one of the most important factors in maintaining sovereignty. Nevertheless, the very fact of such secret negotiations indicate an attempt on both sides to normalize relations.

In July 2011, within the framework of the ARF took an unplanned meeting of heads of delegations of the North and the South to the six-party talks (at a security forum arrived, including the head of ROK and the DPRK delegations to the Six-Party Talks). The Parties agreed to make every effort to resume the dialogue. Under the same forum was a meeting between the Foreign Ministers of the two states. Political game continued. A landmark was the displacement of former union minister of RK Hyon Intek, known for his tough stance toward the North, and the appointment of a new - Yu Wick.

As part of a more flexible policy towards the DPRK Korea weakened part of sanctions imposed in May 2010, after the incident with the corvette "Cheonan". First of all, it concerned citizens of Kazakhstan visits to North Korea. In late August - early September, after the visit of Kim Jong Il in the far eastern part of Russia, in South Korea are increasingly began to discuss the possibility of creating the Trans pipeline. At the end of September 2011 it was reported that the ROK government plans to invest in the development of the Kaesong industrial complex of approximately $ 6 million. Such a decision could be significant, because even a few months before Lee Myonbak rigidly linked the expansion of the activity of the complex with concessions on the part of North Korea.

There was another meeting between the heads of the delegations of the North and the South to the six-party talks. Also intensified cooperation between the US and North Korea on the nuclear issue. In late 2011, the Korean peninsula has been a clear positive trend. As has happened repeatedly, acute phase of the conflict began to move in a less tense.

The deterioration of relations between the two countries on the Korean Peninsula minimally affected the bilateral economic relations. This is made possible through the work of the Kaesong Industrial Complex. In 2010, bilateral trade amounted to $ 1.91 billion., Which exceeded the figures of 2009. However, despite the positive trend continued, clearly delineated impending problems. First, with the exception of Kaesong, existed largely due to subsidies from the government of the South, the other joint venture, operating in cities such as Pyongyang and Nampo, as a result of the sanctions imposed were unprofitable, many were on the verge of bankruptcy. Secondly, as a result of the same sanctions, China is increasingly displacing South Korea from North Korean economy. If in 2007 the volume of trade of Kazakhstan, North Korea was 91% of the volume between the DPRK and China, while in 2010 this ratio had fallen to 55% n. In fact, only the Kaesong industrial complex remains an effective mechanism for maintaining trade and economic relations between North and South.

The sudden death of Kim Jong-il in December 2011, resulted in the fact that once again began to sound increasingly predictions about the imminent and inevitable collapse of North Korea. In the South, have been put on high alert armed forces, President Lee Myonbak held an urgent meeting of the Security Council. Analysts give conflicting predictions. There was a range of views, according to which in the near future in North Korea could start a struggle for power, which lead to political chaos, the regime's downfall and the inevitable absorption of the North-South. There is another approach, in which it was assumed that somehow happen regime consolidation. To strengthen it, and to enhance the status and create an image of the new leader of the steps will be taken aimed at escalation of the situation on the peninsula, including, possibly, new nuclear tests.

In the first two months it seemed that the situation on the peninsula is still quite calm. However, this was not so. The situation is gradually heating up, both sides used rather harsh rhetoric against each other. Particular outrage in the DPRK caused by the fact that during the period of mourning following the death of Kim Jong Il, South Korean authorities did not express official condolences. In the Confucian tradition of civilization, which include North and South Korea, funeral events have a special status, are included in the rites of the life cycle. After all, in the old Korea there was a certain number of reasons (including some illness, betrayal, and so on), In which a man could divorce his wife, but if she was going through full mourning for his parents, along with her husband, divorce has been impossible.

In 1994, after the death of Kim Il Sung's official Seoul has banned its citizens to express condolences, in 2011 it was allowed. However, in the case of the death of Kim Dechzhuna North Korean leaders expressed condolences to the official, in Seoul a special delegation was sent, which included high-ranking members of the government. After the death of former President Roh MuhYon, Kim Jong Il sent a family of the victim of condolences. Seoul's rejection of such action at the end of 2011 was seen as an extreme degree of disrespect and violation of traditions.

Non-governmental organizations of the South have also made a contribution to inflation of the conflict: in the DMZ area, as has happened repeatedly, leaflets with propaganda texts. Some of them contained insults against North Korean leaders. Against the background of official mourning activities were considered, such as particularly offensive. South government has no leverage on local non-governmental organizations, but for North Korea it looked a bit different, since most North Korea there is a rigid vertical of power.

it was stated in the official statement of the State Defense Committee that the sea of tears shed by the Korean army and the Korean people will turn into a sea of redemptive fire that will burn all the traitors. Tabasco was the reaction on the annual joint US-South Korean exercises Foal Eagle and Key Resolve, traditionally held in late February - early March. KCNA published an article in which it was stated that the US has no monopoly on nuclear weapons. North Korea has weapons more powerful than the United States, and in the case of aggression, North Korea will be able to give an adequate response.

In the first months there was an escalation, rather, at the level of political rhetoric. Agreement on February 29 gave some hope that the new North Korean leader will be able to agree. The forecasts were not realized: April 13 there was a failure to start the North Korean carrier rocket with the satellite, all the agreements have been violated, it began to unfold another round of crisis. Initially, it can be described as sluggish. This is due, apparently, it was to conduct the presidential election campaign in the south of the peninsula.

At the highest office claimed the three main candidates: the leader of the conservative forces Pak Kynhe representative Liberals Chzhein-moon, as well as an independent candidate Ahn Chholsu. Each candidate had a vision of how to build policy toward North Korea, but one thing they were unanimous: the relationship needs to be improved, as well as the use of economic cooperation as an important mechanism for their development. The victory in the election won by the candidate of the party saenuri (last Hannaradan, the Grand National Party) - Pak Kynhe.

11th South Korean president was to build a political line toward the North, taking into account the new circumstances: in December, North Korea successfully launched a carrier rocket and brought into orbit an artificial satellite of the Earth. Further, in February 2013, almost on the eve of the inauguration, it was made the third nuclear test. These actions were taken in violation of UN Security Council sanctions. The events on the Korean peninsula were again ranked first in the news world news.

In his inaugural speech, entitled "Opening a new era of hope," Pak Kynhe pointed out that currently the Republic of Korea is facing dangers such as the economic crisis and the North Korean nuclear threat. The nuclear test conducted by North Korea - a challenge for the future of the Korean people. The most important victim of the explosion itself is North Korea. Pak Kynhe sincerely hoped that the North would abandon its nuclear ambitions, stop spending resources on the development of missile and nuclear programs, to become a responsible member of the world community and to get out of isolation. President-elect obo¬znachila path to normalization: by building trust between the two Koreas create the basis for a harmonious era of unification, when the dream of all Koreans fulfilled.

Experts noted that the policy of Pak Kynhe against the North may be more flexible than the actions of the previous administration. Even the fact that the parents of the current president's assassination made the North Korean secret services, and her mother was killed, overshadowed her husband, the legendary president Park Chung-hee, he should not have too much impact on the acceptance of foreign policy decisions at this level. Anyway, Pak Kynhe belonged to the conservative-oriented politicians, and expect the resumption of the policy of "solar heat" was not necessary. Actions North Korean side also contributed to the normalization of the situation on the peninsula. Back in early March, commanders of the armed forces of the DPRK announced that the North may waive the Armistice Agreement of 1953

This position could be triggered by a number of factors. First, in February-March 2013 carried the traditional large-scale US-South Korean exercises. Secondly, the new (the most severe in recent years), the UN sanctions against North Korea were introduced at the beginning of March. The crisis unfolds repeatedly developed scenario: an increase in tension, threats, loud statements. But this time, the parties have come closer to the brink of danger: joint military exercises the United States and South Korea have acquired an unprecedented scale, in the framework of the latest types of weapons were used, they were themselves throughout the spring months. In the North, there is strong maneuvers, there is information about a possible launch of another ballistic missile.

Notice of entry of the DPRK-ROK relations in the military phase and the solution of all problems, "according to the laws of war", its misinterpretation in the media created a new wave of news regarding the inevitability of armed conflict on the Korean peninsula. Due to the deterioration of the situation of the DPRK authorities offered Russian diplomats to leave the country, which also contributed to the increase in tension in the region. All this is reflected negatively on the cooperation mechanisms, which have continued to operate. So, in early April, it was banned from entering South Korean workers in the Kaesong Industrial Complex.

A few days later it became known that the South, after several attempts to resolve the situation, decided to withdraw all of its employees. At the end of April it was done. One of the last existing mechanisms of cooperation between North and South, created in the age of the policy of "solar heat", ceased to exist. In the Republic of Korea in many media, this event was evaluated with great regret. In North Korea, the cessation of the complex accused the South. It was pointed out that the puppet government of RK Kaesong industrial complex was like a bone in the throat, and at the slightest opportunity to get rid of it rushed.

By early May 2013, the Korean peninsula tensions once again gradually began to subside. The launches of short-range missiles by North Korea during this period, not attracted so much attention, because for March and April were talking about a possible launch of a ballistic missile, and even about the likelihood of another nuclear test. In May 2013 the North has demonstrated that he is ready for dialogue. The Republic of Korea were sent a proposal: to hold joint celebrations to mark the anniversary of the signing of the inter-Korean declaration 2000

In late May, during the visit of North Korean officials in China, North Korea has made it clear that it is ready to negotiate with the countries concerned. Initially, Seoul has taken a tough stance. In an official statement the Foreign Minister it was suggested that the Republic of Korea will not negotiate for the sake of negotiations. North Korea must show the international community its sincerity by taking steps towards nuclear disarmament. In just a few days before it was announced that South Korea has refused to carry out joint activities in connection with the next anniversary of the 2000 inter-Korean summit was Nevertheless, the situation on the peninsula is gradually stabilized.

During the four months of 2013 there was a process for resolving differences between the parties on the resumption of work Kaesong complex. A joint committee was established at the Kaesong industrial zone. In September 2013, the parties failed to reach an agreement, and 16 September symbol of cooperation between the two Koreas resumed his work. [11] Every year in the world happens hundreds of armed wars.

 

 

  1. So Lee Myonbak policy "denuclearization - open - 3000" and the solution of the nuclear issue of the North] // URL: http://www.kinu.or.kr/upload/neoboard/ DATA03 / 17% B1% C71% C8% A3-% BC % AD% C0% E7% C1% F8.pdf (07.06.2013).
  2. Rodong Sinmun on Crisis of "Pragmatic Government" in Korea. News from Korean Central News Agency of DPRK. 14.06.2008 // URL: http://www.kcna.co.jp/in- dex-e.htm (07.06.2013).
  3. Petrov 100 days of reforms Lee Myung-bak: Are the current government of South Korea will be able to regain the trust of the people? // Bulletin of Seoul. 22.07.2008 // URL: http://vestnik.kr/articles/3450.html (05.06.2013).
  4. Lee Myung-bak. We must guard against Infodemics // The Korea Times. 11.07.2008 // URL: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2008/07/116_27445.html (05.06.2013)
  5. Zakharova Decree. Op. S. 42-52.
  6. Foster-Carter North Korea-South Korea Relations: Mixed signals // URL: http: // csis.org/files/publication/0904qnk_sk.pdf (07.06.2013).
  7. Annual Review of: inter-Korean relations from the perspective of their testing of nuclear issues // People's Daily 17.12.2009 // URL: http: //russian.people. com.cn/31520/6844635.html (07.06.2013).
  8. Kiryanov expert spoke about the destruction of the corvette "Cheonan" // the Russian newspaper. 19.01.2012.
  9. Garamone U.S.-Korean Defense Leaders Announce Exercise Invincible Spirit. U.S. Department of Defence // URL: http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id= 60074 (07/06/2013).
  10. Chua-Eoan The Death of Kim Jong Il: a Nightmare before Christmas // Time. 18.12.2011 // URL: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2102764,00.html (07.06.2013).
  11. Belyalov A.A- The question of war and peace/ встк

Разделы знаний

International relations

International relations

Law

Philology

Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection between textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics.[

Technical science

Technical science