Multifactority and specificity of technological processes of resinotechnical production

The multifactorial nature of technology and the specifics of technological processes, a large variety of chemicals used in the production of rubber products, adverse conditions and intense physical labor can create an unfavorable hygienic environment that has a negative impact on the health of workers. Due to the peculiarities of their physical state of physico-chemical substances, the technological process of rubber production, workers exposed to them with the development in a high percentage of cases of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, digestive organs, skin, etc. 

Introduction. Mechanical rubber production is a subsector petrochemical industry. Characterized by high labor and material consumption, due to the large number of manual operations required for the process, and the consumption of different materials. At the factory workers of rubber products, engaged in basic technological lines, affects the complex unfavorable factors, the main ones are unfavorable microclimate conditions, dust and fumes in the air. A number of negative aspects in the nature of work compounds the impact of unfavorable environment factors: monotonous, forced working posture, the weight of work processes, etc., negative impact on the use of labor resources as a result of working the early development of their production of fatigue, as well as violation of their health status. Per shift production staff is fractional and short-term exposure to toxic chemicals [1].

Working in industrial plants, in rare cases, they are in contact with certain chemicals, usually they are combined, integrated and combined effect of harmful factors of different nature. In foreign literature, these concepts are combined single term "combined effects" [2, 3]. According to several authors [4, 5, 6, 7], a combination of chemicals in combination with the unfavorable environment factors and social conditions has greater toxicity to the human body than its individual components. It is known that the combination of chemicals in combination with the unfavorable environment factors and social conditions has greater toxicity to the human body than its individual components [8, 9].

Materials and methods. The study of sanitary and hygienic conditions of work mechanical rubber production showed that workers preparation workshop (rubber mixer operators, machinists-mixer, weighers) working under adverse operating conditions, which is due to excess content in the air of industrial premises chemicals with general toxic and irritating action. These are primarily high dust jobs, a high concentration of toxic dust mixed composition was observed at the time of loading ingredients into the vortex mixer manually. Formation of aerosols disintegration of complex composition workplace explained partial automation of the process, the use of manual methods in (rub, weighing, sieving, filling, and discharging solids).

Leading harmful occupational factors in the production of rubber products are toxic chemicals (complex chemicals entering the body and working inhalation through the gastrointestinal tract) with physical stress of labor, which are the cause of chronic occupational diseases. The major nosological forms of occupational diseases of major workers manufacturing rubber products are chronic intoxication chemicals and hepatogastroduodenal diseases, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and nervous systems.

Air environment production of rubber products contaminated by toxic products. They are formed during the synthesis of polymers of various purpose (styrene, isoprene, butadiene, etc.), depolymerization, and thermal degradation as dust, vapors and gases. They are complex multi-component system consisting essentially of organic toxic substances. The composition of the vulcanization steam-gas-aerosol mixture includes more than 150 substances of 5 groups of compounds. Among them are: organosulfur 30% aromatic hydrocarbons 24%, aldehydes and ketones 20% paraffins and naphthenes 16%, amines 10% [10].

Given the generally accepted classification determination of toxicity and hazard of chemicals essential chemicals in rubber industries are highly toxic (hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, 4.4-difenilmetandiizotsionat, oxides of chromium and manganese), moderately toxic (gasoline, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, 2-merkaptobenztiozol) and little toxic (sulfur, sulfur dioxide, aniline, etc.) [11]. The mentioned chemical compounds preferably have general toxic and irritating to the body and fed through mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and skin.

According to the data, P.M. Vatrina., Y.Ts. Andreyeva-Galanina, Y.M. Vitkin., I.I. Livshits., Y.A. Burov, L.N. Arkhangelskaya and A.A. Kasparov et al., one of the most disadvantaged in respect of hygienic production areas of RTI are preparatory workshops. In published work, it focuses dust factor characteristic in preparatory shops and toxicological evaluation of certain ingredients of the rubber composition. According to the abovementioned authors, preparatory shops have a high dust reaching the area of chemicals weighing 300 mg / m³. Dust individual ingredients of the rubber composition (thiuram, captax, zinc oxide, etc.) Is from 36 to 81 mg/m³ [12].

When studying the sanitary conditions of the preparatory rubber plant production of labor set excess air content in industrial premises chemicals having general toxic and irritating. These are primarily high dust jobs (weighers, rubber mixer operators), representing the excess of thiuram by 6.6 times, 3.5 times the sulfur, carbon black is 3.5 times, 1.3 times of talc. The high concentration of the toxic dust mixed composition was observed at the time of loading the ingredients into the vortex mixer manual [13].

Typically, during the production of rubber products we have the combination of their effects. According to reports, the incidence of temporary disability among business enterprises rubber products subject to the combined action of dibutylphthalate tetramethylthiuramdisulphide and exceeds the control by 38%, and the proportion increased 7 times [14, 15].

Results and discussion. The contribution of a particular component of a complex steam-gas-aerosol mixture toxic effect may vary depending on the level of exposure. With this change occurs leading determining the clinical picture of intoxication toxic components of different and complex steam-gas-aerosol mixtures thermooxidative degradation products of the polymeric materials. Therefore, the simultaneous effect on the body of chemicals may lead to a qualitatively new effect of the toxic mixture and isolating the product isolated components different from effects [16].

The multistage technology and specific processes, a wide variety of chemical substances of general toxicity and irritant action, used in the production of rubber products, adverse microclimatic conditions and intense physical labor create complex adverse environment factors that have a negative impact on morbidity and functional condition of the organism employed.

J Й4 [

The dependence of the incidence of workers of rubberproduction of synthetic rubber on length of service. The highest morbidity registered among workers with 10-15 years of experience or more years. Leading in the structure of morbidity production staff personnel are rubber-pathology of the digestive system, nervous system and skin, as well as increased risk of cancer.

In view of the specifics of the technological processes and multifactor technology, a wide variety of chemicals used in the production of rubber products, noise, unfavorable microclimate conditions and intensive physical work can create a very unfavorable hygienic situation has a negative impact on morbidity and functional status of the body work.

It is generally accepted that the disease is an important indicator of the health of production personnel. The close relationship between the nature of work and the incidence of a number of authors have noted. As the overall incidence and the specific forms of the most complete and fully reflect the actual state of health due to social and professional factors. Their level is directly dependent on the degree of adaptability to changing operating conditions in the production of harmful and occupational factors [17, 18].

Note that not only harmful factors may cause the formation of occupational diseases, but also may be a pathogen etic mechanism for the development and progression of common diseases of non-professional category [19]. According to the author [20], especially the formation of occupational diseases, the terms of their development and the severity of the pathological process determined by the specific conditions of work and length of service.

The works devoted to the analysis of the incidence on the rubber-production plants indicating a relatively high level of temporary disability among drivers and roller mixer. Comparison level of temporary disability group roller with collectors that do not suffer such intensive influence of various chemical substances, evidenced by a higher incidence of liver diseases roller. Morbidity structure as described by the literature: first place belongs to diseases of the respiratory system they account for 49.6% of the cases, the second diseases of the digestive system 11.8% of cases, followed by diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, injuries and diseases of the nervous system and sensory organs feelings.

Conclusion. As a result, with the duration of exposure to toxic chemicals and their chronic exposure to workers, occupational diseases formed by periods. Origin subclinical functional, biochemical and morphological changes of organs (systems), the critical factor for a particular professional. Second initially monosymptomatic or monosyndromic reaction. Third polysyndromic manifestations characteristic of a particular occupational disease [21]. Last characterized by the development of systemic disease of the respiratory system, digestive and cardiovascular systems, and others.

Thus, given that in manufacturing rubber products are widely used chemical substances of general toxicity and irritant action, since the characteristics of their state of aggregation, physicochemical properties, manufacturing processes working basic trades exposed to them with the development of a sufficiently high percentage of cases, lesions of pulmonary , hepatogastroduodenal, cardiovascular and nervous systems. The study of working conditions major workers rubber-production revealed that the "complexity" technology and specific processes, still forms a complex adverse environment factors, the leading ones are the dust mixed composition (thiuram, talc, carbon black, sulfur, etc.), vulcanizing gases (phenol), climate and noise.

REFERENCES

1. Zaugolnikov S.D., Kochalov M.M., Lloyd A.O. Express methods of determining the toxicity and hazards of chemicals. M.: Medicine, 1978. 184 р.
2. Izmerov N.F. Occupational pathology guide. 1996. Vol. 2. 425 p.
3. Izmerov N.F. Health care of workers and prevention of occupational diseases at the present stage // Occupational Medicine and Industrial Ecology. 2002. №1. Р.1-5.
4. Izmerov N.F., Denissov E.I., Molodkina N.N., Radionova G.K. The methodology of evaluation of occupational risk in occupational medicine // Occupational Medicine and Industrial Ecology. 2001. №12. Р.1-7.
5. Yevsyukov V.I. Some problems of toxicology in the evaluation of the factors of low intensity // Hygiene and Sanitation. 1993. №2. Р. 35-38.
6. Sabirov Z.F. The impact of air pollution in the areas of oil refining, petrochemicals and chemistry on mortality // Hygiene and Sanitation. 1999. №5. Р. 15-17.
7. Alimova S.T., Milkov L.Y. et al. Occupational health and the health of workers of preparatory workshops of tire plants // Occupational hygiene and occupational diseases. 1971. №4. Р. 24-27.
8. Alekseyev G.I., Gussarov D.V., Ivanov I.A. Early diagnosis of premorbid state in the formation of professional pathology // Military.med.journal. 1995. №4. Р. 66-69.
9. Lobanov Y.A., Sorkin N.S., Semenova L.S. Gastroduodenal diseases in people working with chemicals // Occupational Medicine and Industrial Ecology. 2001. №5. Р. 42-48.
10. Nagorniy P.A. Combined effects of chemicals and methods of their hygiene study. M.: 1984. 182 p.
11. Hygienic criteria for evaluation and classification in terms of hazards and risks in the working environment, the severity and intensity of the process. Astana: 2003. 100 p.
12. Tiunov L.A. Metabolic disorders under the action of chemicals that pollute the environment // Ecology and Toxicology. 1990. №2. Р. 7-15.
13. Altynbekov B.Y., Sembayev Zh.Kh. Features of the labor process and the evaluation of the functional state of the organism of workers of “Karagandarezinotechnika” JSC // Bulletin of the South Kazakhstan Medical Academy. 2000. №3. Р.107-112.
14. Chekal V.N., Svatkov V.I., Mitrofanov N.G. On the ways of development of the combined effect of the theory of chemical compounds in the body // Health and Sanitation. 1990. №8. Р. 94-96.
15. Shevchenko I.A. The functional state of the stomach in health and disease according to the radio-telemetry. Abstract of doctoral thesis. Leningrad: 1975. 24 p.
16. Shashin T.A., Kushneva V.S., Eitigon A.I. et al. Evaluation of combined chemical action of the leading factors // Hygiene and sanitation. 1990. №6. Р. 62-64.
17. Podymova S.D. Liver Diseases A Guide for Doctors. M.: Medicine, 1995. Р. 56-60.
18. Podymova S.D., Rachvelishvili P.B. Clinical and prognostic significance of cellular immunity factors in patients with chronic liver disease // RAMS. 1994. №5. Р.14-18.
19. Sidorenko GI, Prokopenko Yu Methodological aspects of pre-pathology // Vestn. RAMS Bulletin. 1976. №4. Р.13-22.
20. Sokolovskiy V.V. Thiol antioxidants in the molecular mechanisms of non-specific reactions to extreme exposure // Problems of Medical Chemistry. 1988. №6. Р. 2-11. 1 Й5 L
21. Golikova O.I., Chernykh Y.E., Klepikov O.V..Integrated anthropogenic impact and incidence of working in the production of synthetic rubber // Occupational Medicine and Industrial Ecology. 2002. №7. Р. 25-29