The article presents an overview of the laxative preparations market for 2012-2016 and the revealed features of the development of this segment of the pharmaceutical market in Kazakhstan. The ratio of countries- manufactures represented in the market of laxative preparations has been analyzed; the analysis of laxatives by origin has been carried out.
On the basis of herbal preparations Senna (Kazakhstan), Senadexin (Ukraine), Alax(Poland) and Eucarbon (Austria) the sales figures for 2012-2016 have been analyzed in natural and monetary units and the main trends in the development of the market of drugs recommended for use to patients with impaired activity of the gastrointestinal tract, including with constipation, have been identified.
Introduction.
The growth of the population with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is considered a problematic issue of the XXI century, which increasingly attracts the attention of scientists and practitioners of many countries of the world. Dynamic pace of modern life, irrational nutrition, bad health habits, increase in the number of causes of stress and etiological factors in the development of allergic diseases, irrational drug intake - that is an incomplete list of the driving factors that are recognized as the main causes of gastrointestinal diseases. More than half of the population (up to 75%) with varying frequency meets with a violation of the gastrointestinal tract, which manifests itself in a difficult or rare emptying of the intestine, that is, with constipation. Most often, this ailment is not an independent pathology, but indicates already existing diseases in the body [1, 2].
In addition to the adult population, children often suffer from constipation, so safe preparations with the possibility of use for children from the first year of life are increasingly in demand.
To treat functional disorders of the digestive system, which are manifested by constipation, laxatives are used [3, 4]. Laxative pharmacological properties are pronounced in a number of plants, for example, in rhubarb Tangut,alder buckthorn, common buckthorn, senna Alexandria, and aloe tree. This effect of the plant is determined by the leading group of biologically active substances - anthracene derivatives [3, 5, 6].
From the position of pharmacokinetics it is known that anthraquinones are practically not absorbed in the small intestine. Further transformations of compounds are interpreted as follows: in the large intestine under the influence of microorganisms sugar is cleaved from the anthraquinone molecule and restored to a free anthrone or anthranol, which are the active substances [5]. Anthraquinones exert their effect directly in the large intestine (they practically do not affect the secretion and peristalsis of the stomach and small intestine), causing the electrolytes and water to escape into the intestinal lumen, while the passage of stools is reduced and their liquefaction is observed [7, 8].
The domestic pharmaceutical market offers to the targeted segment of consumers a range of laxative drugs. In the pharmaceutical industry much attention is paid to the analysis of the situation in the pharmaceutical market. The analysis of the pharmaceutical market allows evaluating the effectiveness of decisions in this industry.
The purpose of the work was to conduct a marketing analysis of the Kazakhstani pharmaceutical market of laxatives.
Results and discussion.
At this stage of the study we conducted a more detailed analysisof the domestic pharmaceutical market of laxatives with АТСof А06Аclassification for years 2012-2016.
Table 1 - Generalized data on the structure of names of laxatives by manufacturers on the pharmaceutical market of Kazakhstan for 2012-2016
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
||||||||
|
№ |
Manufacturer |
Country |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Sha re % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Sha re % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Sha re % |
Amount of assort ment items |
Share % |
Amount of assort ment items |
Share % |
|
1 |
AbbottBayolodjikalz BV * |
Netherl ands |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
2 |
CiplaLtd |
India |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
3 |
Sanofi-aventis |
France |
2 |
5.0 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
4.7 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
5.6 |
|
4 |
Pharmac PJSC |
Ukraine |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
5 |
Teva |
Czech Republi c |
3 |
7.5 |
4 |
10.5 |
3 |
7.0 |
3 |
7.9 |
3 |
8.3 |
|
6 |
Stada* |
German y |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
7 |
PharmaprimLtd. |
Moldov a |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
8 |
Lekhim-Kharkov JSC |
Ukraine |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
9 |
KyzylmayFirm PC |
Kazakhs tan |
4 |
10.0 |
3 |
7.9 |
3 |
7.0 |
3 |
7.9 |
3 |
8.3 |
|
1 0 |
Pharmacy 2010 LLP |
Kazakhs tan |
3 |
7.5 |
3 |
7.9 |
3 |
7.0 |
3 |
7.9 |
3 |
8.3 |
|
1 1 |
Pharmaceutical company "Romat" LLP |
Kazakhs tan |
2 |
5.0 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
4.7 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
1 2 |
Nizhpharm |
Russia |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
1 3 |
Zerdefito LLP |
Kazakhs tan |
2 |
5.0 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
4.7 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
5.6 |
|
1 4 |
Shansharov-Pharm LLP |
Kazakhs tan |
2 |
5.0 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
4.7 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
5.6 |
|
1 5 |
CrevelMoiselbachGmbH |
German y |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
1 6 |
Pharmaceutical Comp. Health, Open Company |
Ukraine |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
2 |
4.7 |
2 |
5.3 |
2 |
5.6 |
|
1 7 |
BofurIpsen Industry |
France |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
1 8 |
Dr. Reddy's Laboratory |
India |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
1 9 |
Medical Union Pharmaceuticals |
⅛ypt |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
- |
|
|
2 0 |
Grindeks JSC |
Latvia |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.8 |
|
2 1 |
Lugansk Chemical and Pharmaceutical PlantPJSC |
Ukraine |
1 |
2.5 |
1 |
2.6 |
1 |
2.3 |
1 |
2.6 |
- |
|
The structure of the market of laxative preparations by manufacturers registered in Kazakhstan for 2012-2016 was analyzed. (Table 1) [9, 10].
According to Table 1, the total number of assortments of laxative preparations for year 2012 is 40, for year 2013 - 38, for year 2014 - 43, for year 2015 - 38, and for year 2016 - 36.
According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the total number of producing countries for the period under study had changed insignificantly: laxatives in years 2012 and 2013 were presented by foreign manufacturers from 13 countries, in year 2014 from 16 countries, in year 2015 from 15 countries, in year 2016 from 14 countries.
The overall ratio of foreign and Kazakhstani producers of this group of drugsis shown in Figures 1-5.
Kazakhstani producers occupied 32% of the market in this segment with 13 assortment positions in 2012, the largest number of drugs among which was produced by PC Kyzylmai and Pharmacy 2010 Ltd; in 2013 with 12 assortment positions - 31% of the market of this segment; in 2014 with 12 assortment positions - 28% of the market of this segment; in 2015 with 11 assortment positions - 29% of the market of this segment; in 2016 with 11 assortment positions - 30% of the market of this segment (Figures 1-5).
Imported preparations of this segment in the largest number are supplied from India, Ukraine, Czech Republic and France throughout the analyzed period. The number of drugs from other countries is small.
Laxative preparations were also analyzed by source of manifacturing (Table 2). The share of herbal medicines in 2012 is 40 %, in 2013 -37 %, in 2014 -39,5%, in 2015 - 42 %, in 2016 - 41,7 % of the total market (Figure 6). In 2013 there was a tendency to reduce the share of plant laxatives on the market compared to 2012, from 2013 to 2014 there was a tendency to increase the proportion of herbal products. Then there is an insignificant change in the share of herbal preparations.
The main producers of herbal preparations on the market are domestic companies: PC Kyzylmay, Zerdefito LLP (Table 3).
Analysis of laxative preparations of domestic production shows that the share of preparations of plant origin is greater than that of synthetic ones (Fig. 7). Among domestic laxatives the share of phytopreparations in 2012 was 69%, in 2013 and 2014 - 67%, in 2015 and 2016 - 73%. Most likely, this is explained by the fact that Kazakhstani producers of synthetic drugs are dependent on the raw material component of production. Local producers have to buy raw materials for the production of drugs abroad, which makes the pharmaceutical industry dependent. With regard to the production of herbal products, Kazakhstan has a sufficient raw material base that needs to be developed, as well as to maximize its potential as part of the development of domestic production.
Table 2 - Generalized data on the structure of plant laxatives on the pharmaceutical market of Kazakhstan in 2012-2016
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
||||||||
|
№ |
Manufacturer |
Country |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Sha re % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Sha re % |
Amou nt of assor t ment items |
Sha re % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Shar e % |
Amou nt of assor t ment items |
Sha re % |
|
1 |
CiplaLtd |
India |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
|
2 |
KyzylmayFirm PC |
Kazakh stan |
4 |
25 |
3 |
21 |
3 |
18 |
3 |
19 |
3 |
20 |
|
3 |
Pharmacy 2010 LLP |
Kazakh stan |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
|
4 |
Pharmaceutical company "Romat" LLP |
Kazakh stan |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
|
5 |
Shansharov-Pharm LLP |
Kazakh stan |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
|
6 |
Zerdefito LLP |
Kazakh stan |
2 |
13 |
2 |
14 |
2 |
12 |
2 |
13 |
2 |
13 |
|
7 |
Pharmaceutical Comp. Health, Open Company |
Ukraine |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
|
8 |
Lugansk Chemical and Pharmaceutical PlantPJSC |
Ukraine |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
||
|
9 |
Herbion Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. |
Pakista n |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
||||
|
1 0 |
LupinPharmaceuticals |
India |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
6 |
||||
|
1 1 |
Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH |
German y |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
||||||
|
1 2 |
Nabros Pharma Pvt.Ltd |
India |
||||||||||
|
1 3 |
Poznan plant of medicinal herbs Gerbapol JSC |
Poland |
1 |
6 |
||||||||
|
1 4 |
Lubnyfarm OJSC |
Ukraine |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
||||
|
1 5 |
DKPPharmaceutical Factory Ukraine |
Ukraine |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
||||
|
1 6 |
The pharmaceutical factory of Montavit Tes.M.b.kh. |
Austria |
1 |
6 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
7 |
||||
|
Total |
16 |
100 |
14 |
100 |
17 |
100 |
16 |
100 |
15 |
100 |
||
|
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
2016 |
|||||||
|
№ |
Manufacturer |
Amount of assort ment items |
Shar e, % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Shar e, % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Shar e, % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Shar e, % |
Amou nt of assort ment items |
Shar e, % |
|
1 |
KyzylmayFirm PC |
4 |
44 |
3 |
38 |
3 |
38 |
3 |
38 |
3 |
38 |
|
2 |
Pharmacy 2010 LLP |
1 |
11 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
|
3 |
Shansharov-Pharm LLP |
1 |
11 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
|
4 |
Pharmaceutical company "Romat" LLP |
1 |
11 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
1 |
13 |
|
5 |
Zerdefito LLP |
2 |
22 |
2 |
25 |
2 |
25 |
2 |
25 |
2 |
25 |
|
Total |
9 |
100 |
8 |
100 |
8 |
100 |
8 |
100 |
8 |
100 |
|
Table 3 - Generalized data on the structure of names of laxative preparations of vegetable origin of Kazakhstan manufacturerson the pharmaceutical market of Kazakhstan in years 2012-2016
The analysis of the structure of domestic plant laxatives showed that Kazakhstani products are represented by 5 manufacturers for the entire analyzed period (Table 3).
When analyzing the assortment of domestic plant laxatives by sources of production it was noted that the senna leaves are among the most popular. Single positions are taken by the raw materials of the buckthorn bark. There are no domestic laxatives based on raw rhubarb. The only preparation based on raw rhubarb in combination with other medicinal plant raw materials present at the market is the preparation of "Eucarbon" in the form of tablets manufactured by Austria.
In order to determine the peculiarities and tendencies of consumption of plant laxatives by the population of Kazakhstan we have analyzed the sales figures of 4 plant products: Senna (Kazakhstan), Senadexin (Ukraine), Alax (Poland) and Eucarbon (Austria) - for years 2012-2016 in natural and monetary units. So, the demand for Senna, Alax, Eucarbon preparations in natural terms is growing every year (Figure 8). As far as the demand for Senadexin is concerned, it increased significantly in 2015 compared with year 2014 - the increase (in) for this period was 639 %, and in 2016 the demand slightly decreased.
The analysis of the price changes of the analyzed preparations for one package in dollars for years 2012-2016 shows that the price for one package in dollars of Senna's medication for the analyzed period has reduced by 31.8 %, Eucarbon preparation - by 65.1 %, Alax preparation - by 34.8 %, Senadexin - by 25 % (Figure 9). Apparently, this canbe explained by the devaluation oftenge; however, in terms of the national currency the price for one package is relatively high.
The sum of wholesales of the analyzed preparations in dollars is growing:for the analyzed period (years 2012-2016) the increase in wholesales of Senna in dollars is 86.6 %, ofEucarbon in total - 88.5 %, for Alax(from 2014 to 2016)- 53.9 %, and for the drug Senadexin(from 2014 to 2016) the increase in wholesales in dollars is 373.5 % (Figure 10).
Conclusions.
Thus, the results of the marketing analysis of the domestic pharmaceutical market of laxatives show that the share of foreign medicines dominates in the assortment of this segment. In year 2012it was 68 %, in 2013 –69 %, in 2014 – 72 %, in 2015 – 71 %, in 2016 - 70 % of the total market. The share of phytopreparations in year 2012 was 40 %, in 2013 –37 %, in 2014 –39,5 %, in 2015 –42 %, in 2016 –41,7 % of the total market. The analysis of domestic laxatives shows that the share of phytopreparations is greater than that of synthetic preparations. The share of phytopreparations in year 2012 was 69 %, in years 2013 and 2014– 67 %, in years 2015 and 2016 – 73 % of domestic laxatives. The main source of phytopreparations is the senna raw material, which does not grow on the territory of Kazakhstan.
A comparative analysis of the sales of 4 plant products: Senna (Kazakhstan), Senadexin (Ukraine), Alax (Poland) and Eucarbon (Austria) - for years 2012-2016 indicates an increase in sales volumes in both natural and monetary terms. This confirms the growing need for laxative preparations of plant origin for the analyzed period.
So, due to the availability in Kazakhstan of a sufficient raw material base of wild medicinal plants the development of the market of laxative preparations of plant origin is topical and promising.
REFERENCES
- SokolovS.Ya. Pharmacotherapy and fitopharmacology. A guide for physicians. - M .: OOO "Medical Infectious Agents", 2000. - 976 P.
- http://www.inform.kz/ru/osnovnve-klassv-prichin-smertnosti-naseleniva-kazahstana-statagentstvo-rk a 2488918
- Zwaving J.N. Recent developments in the analysis of anthraquinone derivatives / J.N. Zwaving // Pharmacology. – 1980. – Vol. 20, Suppl. 1. – P. 65–75.
- WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. Vol. I. – Geneva, World Health Organization, 1999.
- Alyautdin R.N. Pharmacology. - 4th ed. -M .: GEOTAR-Media, 2010.- 832 p.
- L.M. Grudzinskaya, N.G. Gemedzhieva, N.V. Nelina, Zh.Zh. Karzhaubekova Annotated list of medicinal plants of Kazakhstan // Reference book. – Almaty: 2014. - P. 111-115.
- Golyshenkov P.P. Medicinal plants and their use. - Saransk: Mordovian book publishing house, 1982. - 312 р.
- Bisset N.G. Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. - Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1994. – 469 р.
- State Register of medicines of the Republic of Kazakhstan [Electronic resource]: https://www.gosreestr.kz .
- ZhumashovaG.T. Reviewofthekazakhstanipharmaceuticalmarketoflaxatives // Science and Education in modern world: The materials of the international scientific-practical conference. - Каragandy: 2018.-Р.213-217.