BULLETIN OF THE KARAGAND A UNIVERSITY

Industrial dust in the conditions of modern production influences on the respiratory tract and mostly on the upper respiratory ways. Taking into account that between the nasal mucosa, pharynx, larynx and bronchi exist close morphofunctional connection, we can assume the presence of a common pathogenesis of   professional diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Numerous authors note that industrial dust causing a breach of mucociliary clearance, which in its turn contributes to the penetration of dust into the respiratory system deep laying parts and leads to the development of professional pathology of the respirato- ry system (sub-and atrophic rhinitis, the dust bronchitis, pneumoconiosis and asthma).
2012

The main source of asbestos in environmental air are, apparently, construction materials, and also those industrial sectors where professional contact to dust which contains asbestos is possible. It’s, first of all, industries which product production and enrichment of asbestos, asbestos-containing materials (enterprises of asbestos and cement, asbestos technical and asbestos fiber materials). The main consumer of asbestos  today is production of asbestos and cement products (wavy and flat plates, pipes, etc.) which are widely used in industrial and civil construction [1–3].
2012

The main consumers of chrysotile in Ukraine are asbestos cement and asbestos technical enterprises. It should be noted that Ukraine neither mines nor mills asbestos. Asbestos-consuming industries import the raw from the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan. The annual volume of import is 85–100 thousand tons. It is important to stress that Ukraine uses only chrysotile that belongs to the serpentine group of asbestos and has physico-chemical properties and, respectively, biological effects quite different from those of amphiboles (crocidolite, anthophillite, amosite) that were  widely used  in  many countries  during a  long time  in  the past [1, 2].
2012

The issue of asbestos use is a critical world problem [1–3]. It has been long debated and being primarily a medical problem it has also acquired an economic and political nature. The presence of a certain risk of asbestosis, a specific fibrosis of lung tissue, and of a blastomogenic process (bronchial carcinoma, pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma) in workers occupationally exposed to asbestos raises no doubt [4–8]. However the body of evidence showing that asbestosis and specifically lung cancer are related to the uncontrolled use of amphibole asbestos has been increasing recently [9, 10]. Thus, the ban of this type of asbestos is perfectly substantiated today [11, 12]. As for chrysotile asbestos accounting for almost 95 % of all asbestos mined in the world, there appear more and more convincing data in the world literature proving that this type of asbestos is low aggressive and can be safer for human health than its substitutes, the number of which exceeds 20, in case of its controlled use [13, 14]. At least at the moment there exist no epidemiologic studies giving evidence of a higher health risk of chrysotile compared to its substitutes.
2012

The Directive of the European Union 1999/77/EU on the global asbestos ban is based on results of oc- cupational studies and the assessment of risk of asbestos-related respiratory diseases (such as lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, etc.) in workers since such diseases develop only after 20–40 years from a long-term exposure to high concentrations of asbestos-containing aerosols. At the same time, the results of assessing risks of developing a respiratory malignancy from environmental exposures to low concentrations of chrysotile dust still remain the subject of debate.
2012

Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm of serosal surfaces (such as pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and others) [1]. The most common form of these neoplasms is malignant pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal and pericardium mesotheliomas occur tenfold rarer, and mesotheliomas of other localizations are the most uncommon. The median latency of the disease is 32 years but it may range from 5 to 70 years.
2012

The article presents results of studies of chrysotile asbestos and health conducted by the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS) Institute of Occupational Health, a brief review of foreign studies, the list of protective measures in the use of asbestos and other fibrous materials ensuring their controlled use.
2012

Discovering carcinogenic properties of asbestos in cancer epidemiology and experimental studies resulted in a tough struggle between opponents and supporters of its continued industrial use. In some cases this struggle (and opposition in the first place) gets farther away from the reality and scientific facts and often acquires a commercial and political format.
2012

Actuality. To date, assessment of the effects of the mutagen-induced production factors and the effects of environmental factors is carried out by detecting chromosomal damage by analysis of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes. To evaluate the mutational event is necessary to use method of accounting for chromosomal aberrations, which is a highly sensitive methods of biological indication of human exposure to mutagens and production of environmental factors. In the molecules of DNA genetic information is encoded, mutagenic, acting on the cell, leading to breaks and rearrangements of chromosome structure [1]. In the formation of chromosomal aberrations important stage of the mitotic cell cycle, which occurred at the time of the impact of the mutagen.
2012

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