Статьи, год 2015

There was conducted investigation of the nephritic blood circulations in different levels of the nephritic arteries of 90 patients with the 2nd type of diabetes in combination with the chronic pyelo-nephritis in the phase of exacerbation and remission. There was determined disorder of the nephritic blood circulations in the form of the nephritic blood flow velocity lowering and the increasing of the nephritic vascular resistance in different levels of the nephritic arteries, the expressiveness of which is determined by the activity of the inflammatory process in kidneys.
2015

We have investigated 20 patients with type 2 diabetes, with an average age of 58,0 ± 4,32 years, with disease duration of 6,29 ± 1,28 years. The carbohydrate metabolism was estimated: fasting blood glucose and 2 hours later after meal, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). For the purpose of determine the safety of insulin analogues, have been studied biochemical parameters of blood before and after 3 months of therapy. The basic criterion of the safety of the therapy within 3 months of application study of insulin analogues was the number of daytime and nighttime hypoglycaemia, as well as the dynamics of body weight during the study period. Structural and functional state of the left parts of heart was assessed by echocardiography and dopplerography of transmitral blood flow.  For all  patients were assigned  insulin  analogues,  the average daily dose  was 32,4 ± 2,8 units, particularly rapid-acting insulin aspart (Novorapid) and acting insulin detemir (Levemir). Analogs of human insulin had a favorable effect on carbohydrate metabolism and reduced the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Also, there was a trend to improvement of the structural parameters and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes after treatment with insulin analogues. Application of insulin analogues have proven the safety of the insulin group in terms of prevention of hypoglycemia, which has a positive effect on cardiovascular events in the outcome of the treatment of diabetes. 
2015

We studied the frequency and structure of the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in 1453 respondents Karaganda region in the form of screening among urban and rural population using a scale FINDRISK. To identify factors shaping the development of the high risk of diabetes, was conducted the analysis of the socio-economic conditions, lifestyle factors, presence of chronic diseases, as well as a number of quantitative indicators such as: body mass index, waist circumference, measurement of glucose levels and blood cholesterol. The presence of high frequency (99,5 %) risk of developing diabetes among urban populations (46,3 %) and  villages of the Karaganda region (53,6 %) in the age group from 45 to 60 years. It is revealed that a high risk of developing diabetes is higher by a factor of 1.2 in the urban population of Karaganda region than in rural areas. Risk factors that determine the high-risk group, as in the urban population, and in rural areas are lack of employment, presence of hypertension, angina, lack of physical activity, passive smoking, obesity, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia.
2015

Purpose of the research — to study the frequency of occurrence of polymorphism ST gene methylenetetra- hydrofolate patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and its correlation with homocysteine levels and the devel- opment of ischemic heart diseases. 118 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 at the age of 45–60 years were surveyed. Statistically significant differences were observed frequencies of alleles of T and S, genotype SS between groups of patients with pancreatic diabetes type 2 with ischemic heart disease and tran- sferred myo- cardial infarction and healthy persons. It was found that the allele T 677 gene, methylentetrahydrofolat- reductase associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (OR=1,879, p=0,029). The combination of genotype T677 gene methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase with hyperhomocysteinemia in 2 type diabetic patients with coronary heart disease is related with other risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and can have a significant impact on the course of ischemic heart disease.
2015

It is showed by authors that using of 8-para(toluenesulphonylamino)quinoline — a derivative of 8-oxyquinolin result histochemical revealing by using of fluorescent microscopy of Zn+2-ions in cells of tissue of prostate, in pancreatic B-cells and in salivary glands contains a large amounts of ions.
2015

This paper summarizes results of clinical studies in the period of years 1971–2014 as follows: (1) In persons with type 1 diabetes, effectiveness of conventional therapy with multiple doses of shortacting insulin (MDI) or continuous sucutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) was demonstrated. Dynamic training was shown to enhance insulin sensitivity and plasma HDL cholesterol, and to improve neuropathy, memory and attention. Influence of alcohol and effects of insulin on postprandial alcohol concentrations revealed similar consequences; model experiments were suggested when answering forensic questions. (2) In persons with type 2 diabetes, advantage of complementary therapy with prandial rapid acting insulin was demonstrated. In MDIpersistent hyperglycaemia, insulin pump was shown to reduce HbA1c, to diminish daily insulin dose and to improve quality of life. Benefits of incretin preparations were described. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic nephropathy were documented. (3) Perinatal mortality of newborns of mothers with diabetes decreased due to thorough diabetes and obstetric care. (4) Manual Device for Insulin injections (MADI-pen) was developed and introduced into daily routine. Its accuracy, pharmacological and microbial safety were proved. (5) «Programmed Treatment of persons with diabetes» comprising the principels of Therapeutic Patients Education of the WHO was introduced. (6) Glycaemic Index of foods was calculated using a new method with continuous glucose monitoring. (7) Intensive selfmonitoring. The accuracy and precision of various glucometers were explored. Tenpoint ambulatory glycaemic profile and continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) was introduced to practice. In persons on insulin pumps CGMS resulted in reduction of HBA1c.
2015

2,3-Dimercaptopropanol is a substance able to re-activate sulfhydryl groups of enzymes and has the property to form temporary complexes with metals, including zinc. It is also known that certain amino acids, particu- larly cysteine and glutathione also contain in its composition mole coli SH-groups. Administration of these amino acids in to animals result prevention developing of experimental diabetes caused zinkbinding diabetogenic chemicals. It is confirmed that this effect is determined by their ability to form non-toxic tempo- rary complexes with zinc in B-cells of pancreatic islets that protect cells of the destruction caused by diabetogenic chelating agents. The authors have shown that 2,3-dimercaptopropanol at doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg is able to prevent the development of diabetes in almost all experimental animals. Authors found that this ability 2,3-dimercaptopropanol is explained by its property through SH-groups included in its com- position, to form non-toxic complexes with zinc in pancreatic cells that protect cells of death.
2015

Authors showed that intravenous injection amino acids Cystein and L-Hystidine prevent in majority of animals developing of experimental diabetes caused by chemicals formed in B-cells chelat complexes with Zn+2-ions. It was shown that in all cases administration of these amino acids prior injection of diabetogenic chelator as Diphe nylthiocarbazon (Dithizon) accompanied by almost complete absence of binding of Zn+2-ions in В-cells with formation of toxic complexes which result destruction and death of B-cells within short time. Authors suppose that protective effect is determined by presence in molecules of Cystein and L-Hystidine of SH-groups reacted with reacted with Zn+2-ions in B-cells with forming of not toxic complexes and not able to forming of complexes with a Dithizon. Authors showed also that from the used various histochemical and immunocytohistochemical methods insulin staining in B-cell more precise results was obtained using of immunohistochemical and fluorescent Diethylpseudoisocyanine methods. However, Aldehyde-fuchsine method and method Victoria 4R more suitable for investigation state of histostructure of pancreatic islets.
2015

The regular documentation of glucose measurements during insulin and / or oral drug therapy, meal intake, and special events in the daily life are crucial for doctors in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we developed a method, which allows objective, rapid and comprehensive review of glucose profiles for the first time. On the basis of glucose values, either recorded by self-monitoring of blood glucose or by a continuous glucose monitoring with a sensor system, the Q-Score can easily be computed. Classification by Q-Score is simple, time-saving, and useful in terms of daily treatment routine. In addition, it involves analysis of the contribution of individual glycemic components expressed as the Q-Score and enables assessment of therapeutic efficacy. The method for determining the Q-Score, evaluation of glucose readings and self-control data as well as presentation of results and the therapeutic advancement will be implemented into the telemedicine information and communication system TeleDIAB®, which is available via world-wide.
2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by a relative deficiency of insulin in the presence of hepatic, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The pathological process underlying the ß-cell dysfunction occurs already prior to the disease onset. While at the initial stage, ß-cell mass and insulin secretory function are sufficiently well maintained in the majority of individuals with type 2 diabetes, the later stages are characterized by aggravating insulin deficiency. The clinical course of the disease requires escalating therapy with oral drugs over time and eventually consistent application of insulin at the late stage for control of glycemia. Oral therapies are quite effective in improving the short-term insulin secretory capacity, but are incapable of preventing the inexorable decline in ß-cell function during diabetes progression. On the other hand, long-term use of antidiabetic agents is not without various side effects. Since a series of clinical trials have recently shown that implementation of short-term intensive insulin therapy in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes can drastically improve and preserve ß-cell function and induce glycemic remission, this treatment strategy has gained considerable interest. However, whether early intensive treatment with insulin can really provide longer-term protection of the pancreatic ß-cells and may be preferable to other therapy modalities is a question that is not yet clearly established and requires appropriate clinical studies.
2015

In the article technogenic influence of Kirovskaya mine on a soil and plant cover of a sanitary protection zone of the enterprise is considered. During the analysis it was revealed that the selected tests of soils contain the significant amount of the heavy metals exceeding maximum permissible concentration. The analysis showed that great values reach such substances as chrome, copper, zirconium, zinc and nickel. Migration and accumulation by plants of substances of the 1–2 classes of danger in high values were set. Active migration from soil into plants is observed in such metals as boron, copper, chrome, zinc. Manifestation of toxic effect of heavy metals happens, as a rule, at a top level of anthropogenic pollution of soils by them and in many respects depends on properties and peculiarities of behavior of concrete metal.
2015

The article presents the results of the zoogeographic of Cerambycidae beetles family structure studies on the of the entomological collection of the University Nature Museum. Zoogeographical analysis involves the genesis of the fauna individual elements assessing and union types which are similar in time and place of their origin in faunal complexes (belonging to a particular type of fauna). When you select a geographic complexes you should take into consideration not only the general character of the area and zonal-landscape attachment of species, but also known data about the centers of the origin. This analysis has shown that the Holarctic genera makes up the core of the Kazakh uplands fauna at the generic level, and unique species of the indo-malayan genera makes the smallest part of the collection.
2015

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