In the article considered such factors influencing migration as demographic, national, natural and climatic, and social. It is emphasized that the formation of labor migration is influenced by demographic, economic, legal and political conditions. The problem of migration is characterizing with special complexity, as it covers not only legal aspects, but also the problems of sociology, demography, political economy, ethno geography, the problems of labor resources in the economics. The legal aspect have the special important place, because the migration is closely connected with the legal security, regulation and organization of migration processes, from which depends other problems of essential value for living conditions of the society.
In the face of increasing economic transformations in the Republic of Kazakhstan there are significant changes in the demographic situation, to make a significant change in the nature, shape and direction of migration processes in the whole country and in the regions, which can not but affect the future prospects of innovative development. The growth of labor mobility as a consequence of increasing the mobility of the population migration poses new challenges in improving their quality, and initiate new features of the labor market.
The downside of structuring innovative type of employment becomes structural unemployment. This involves the creation of new jobs for the lost jobs while their training and retraining [1].
Under these conditions, important questions are balanced socio-economic, regional development, to achieve a high standard of living, employment, income and economic growth. Important feature of the use of labor potential territories is a structural mismatch of supply and demand of labor in regional, professional, industry, age and other aspects that also must be considered when developing strategies of territorial development [2].
Modern migration processes are associated with a number of reasons. For external migration dominant phenomenon was the combination of socio-economic and political factors, for intra — socio-economic and environmental. The collapse of the Soviet Union exacerbated the economic crisis, accompanied by a decline in production, the growth of inflation, rising unemployment, which led to lower living standards and the crisis of the social sphere.
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), by 2004 only in Kazakhstan there were more than 19,000 refugees.
Migration has become one of the main factors influencing directly on the state of the economy, culture, national policy, inter-ethnic and international relations. Increasing role in the general flow of world migration plays international labor migration. It is no exaggeration to say that now has almost all countries participating in the international exchange of human resources as importers and exporters of labor.
In terms of economic development innovation research factors labor migration is an important part of development of the national economy. Migration policy is an integral part of the state's foreign and domestic policies of the country, based on the universally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties and laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan [3].
International labor migration has become an integral part of the modern system of world economy, the existence of the norm of most states. The presence of foreign workers in the developed world has evolved from a temporary phenomenon in a structural element of the economy. During the years of independence, Kazakhstan has become an active participant in the world of migration, as a country of entry, exit and transit. In Kazakhstan, a new migration situation, there is rapid growth in cross-border migration flows, active form of migration flows «near abroad», a growing number of migrants from the «far abroad». The variety and intensity of migration processes affect the whole society, changing its quantitative and qualitative parameters. To a large extent the change of structuring modern Kazakhstani society affect the level and rate of foreign labor migration. The employment of foreign workers is economically justified, but further maintain the rate of external labor migration is a danger, violates the stable forms of life of the host society [4].
The main factors that increase the migration processes in the country, should include the economic laws of development, as well as material and spiritual needs of the migrant labor force, expressed in their interests.
Also causes of international labor migration in Kazakhstan are also economic in nature. These include the following: differences in the level of economic development of individual countries, the existence of national differences in wage levels. The largest share of participants of international labor migration are representatives of the workers specialties.
Also causes of international labor migration in Kazakhstan are also economic in nature. These include the following: differences in the level of economic development of individual countries, the existence of national differences in wage levels. The largest share of participants of international labor migration are representatives of the workers specialties.
At the moment comes to the fore the problem of studying not only the quantitative characteristics of migration, but also its quality parameters. It is of paramount importance in the understanding of the current development of migration processes and scenarios of their development in the future. Sophisticated modern cross-border migration highlights the issue of adaptation of migrants and the host society, the factors of their interaction, problems of conflict situations. It should be emphasized that the issues of regional and national security in Central Asia will largely be determined by the nature and intensity of migration flows. The geopolitical aspect of the relationship between migration to national security is relevant in the context of ethnic migration. Intolerance to ethnic migrants threatens the stability, security existence of all society. The occurrence of this phenomenon in the multiethnic, multireligious country whose inhabitants have always had a high level of positive complementarity — a disturbing fact. As world practice shows, in countries where there is a gradual acceptance of cultural diversity, is the formation of ethnic communities, which can be seen with all grounds as an integral part and parcel of a multicultural society. Formation of ethnic minorities is the most intense in those countries and regions of the world where the presence of migrants is regarded as undesirable, as a threat to economic welfare, public order and national identity, and the migrants themselves are treated as secondary members of society.
The peculiarity of Kazakhstan — a large length of the border, which in many areas is «transparent». Around the perimeter of the borders of the republic is an intensive cross-border migration. On the territory of Kazakhstan as transit routes of transit, which move migrants from Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, CIS countries in Russia.
In a study of patterns of migration processes in market conditions it is important to be aware that groups of factors migrations are qualitatively different from each other and have different effects on resettlement. Some factors stimulate migration, others on the contrary inhibit it.
The principal differences between migration factors apply to their nature, resulting in the use of these or other factors in the optimization of migration processes are not identical. Thus, climatic factors almost unmanageable society in terms of regulating migration. Demographic, ethnic, moral and psychological factors only indirectly controlled by society. Ethnic, social, administrative factors of migration are subject to direct regulation in the conditions of market relations.
Demographic factors include characteristics on the following grounds: gender, age, marital status and family structure. The main directions of the intensity and volume movements largely depend on the demographic composition of the population in places out in the places of settlement of migrants. Imbalance in the demographic structure by age and sex always cause «advancing» of the population. Demographic factors, like many others, appear in conjunction with the economic, social and other factors of migration. By demographic conditions are, on the one hand, a surplus population, and on the other — an aging population in the demographic development and thus demographic unmet workforce.
Under national or ethnic factors migratory mobility refers to the national traditions, customs, specific material and spiritual culture, differences in language, etc. National factors in one way or another affect the intensity and other indicators of resettlement.
An important role is played by climatic factors migrations, ie the environment. This includes the climate is one of the geographic characteristics of a particular area, that is the set of all weather conditions in the area over many years. Climate affects the resettlement, location of production, living conditions and human health [5].
During the 2000–2010 the number of inter-regional migrants in Kazakhstan amounted to 138,747 people. From 2010 to 2012, this figure increased by 18.8 %, with an average annual growth of regional migration — 3.2 % [6].
Among the economic conditions distinguish the processes of global integration, encompassed almost all areas of society, not excluding the area of labor relations: the formation of international commodity markets and capital markets. In addition to the economic conditions of the population affected by migration and social factors. The presence of well-developed social infrastructure, particularly education, health, culture, and the content and nature of work, the conditions for professional qualification growth are crucial for decisionmaking on resettlement.
One of the significant indicators of living standards is wages and education, which on the one hand refers to social factors, because based on the interests of individuals to their spiritual enrichment, the comprehensive development of man as a social being. On the other hand, the development of education due to production needs for skilled workers.
Consequently, the process of external labor migration responds to the impact of various factors and conditions. The development of this process and its results at any given time will depend on the nature and extent of the influence of certain factors.
The formation of labor migration exerts their influence economic, demographic, legal and political conditions.
Under legal conditions that determine labor migration implied legal institutions and regulations, agreements, contributing not only to control, but also the process of regulating the movement of labor across countries.
Kazakhstan's strategy on migration mainly takes into account the existing relationship with the CIS countries, so the basis for migration policy can be based on an agreement between States, a concerted effort on the rights and responsibilities of migrants.
For further innovative reforms in the country must, above all, to improve the legal and institutional conditions for the formation and regulation of migration policy, to create a complete system for monitoring, analysis, forecasting and planning of migration processes. The scenario approach provides rationale several options that implement various models of demographic and migratory behavior of the population.
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