Abstract
In article the role and value of independence is considered by the Kazakh nation. At the same time the analysis of colonial dependence of economic life of the Kazakh nation on imperial Russia is given. Theoretical provisions and concepts of dependent and independent economic life of the nation in general are considered. The main condition of independence is formation of a new vector of development of the Kazakh nation. Fourthly, the global economy is under pressure of political factors. The world became unstable. The leading powers have imposed sanctions against each other. Between them the trust has sharply decreased. Instability and the conflicts in the region of the Middle East, North and Central Africa have led to large-scale flows of refugees. Every day brings messages on acts of terrorism and death of dozens of people. Serious peace is endangered now by the international terrorism. It is result of destruction of statehood by intervention of external forces in internal affairs of the sovereign states.
In the message to the people of Kazakhstan on January 31, 2017 the President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev specifies that "only those people which will manage to outstrip the future and resolutely to move towards calls, but not to stand and wait, will be winners. In the world the Fourth industrial revolution has begun next, already. Universal digitalization of economy will lead to disappearance of the whole branches and creation of essentially new. The great changes happening before our eyes is at the same time historical call and chance for the nation. Today I set a task to provide realization of the Third modernization of Kazakhstan. It is necessary to create new model of economic growth which will provide global competitiveness of the country. Now many countries try to solve the same problem. It is sure, recipes of transition to new model of growth will be different everywhere. We have to proceed from our strengths and not lose the potential which was together created in 25 years of our Independence" [1].
During this time our country has passed not a simple political and economic way of development. Independence for Kazakhstan makes very big sense. These are 25 years of independence after 250 years of colonial dependence in economic life of the Kazakh nation on the imperial Russia. Here we pass to consideration of very difficult aspects of economic life of the Kazakh nation, as in the conditions of dependence within 250 years on the imperial Russia, and in the conditions of independence within the last 25 years.
It causes consideration of the whole complex of problems of colonial dependence in economic life of the Kazakh nation on the Russian nation [2]. The first problem - this very complex problem also touches on very painful issues of relationship of economic life of the Kazakh and Russian nations in the conditions of colonial dependence. The second problem is colonial forms of relationship of the Kazakh and Russian states within 250 years. In the context of this problem the research of economic life of the Kazakh nation and influence of Russia on Kazakhstan turns into a taboo. Nobody wants to aggravate and see these problems, but economic life of the Kazakh nation can't be understood completely and therefore carrying out a research of this problem is necessary. The third problem is very big problem of relationship of economic life of the Kazakh and Russian nations in the conditions of independent Kazakhstan. This problem will become aggravated the fact that now in Kazakhstan along with the Kazakh nation, the Russian, Slavic nations and the so-called Russian-speaking population which in total makes 35% of the population of Kazakhstan live. Therefore the problem of a research of economic life of the Kazakh nation becomes very sharp and problematic and is practically not studied by economists.
At the same time, fight of the Kazakh nation for independence in December, 1986 have forced to look at relationship of the Kazakh nation with the Russian-speaking population, namely when the Russian-speaking population during the December events has issued a condemnation of the Kazakh nationalism [3] in a new way. At the same time, if not to mention these painful problems - it will be difficult to understand development of economic life of the Kazakh nation. The Baltic countries in due time, namely in 1991 have adopted the laws "About Indigenous People" directed to protection of social and economic life of the radical nations against the Russian influence and development of economic interests of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians. Summarizing above told it should be noted that sooner or later there will be a need to analyze three above-stated problems of the Kazakh and Russian nation.
From the theoretical point of view of development of the Kazakh nation causes a research of the following scientifically – theoretical provisions. The first situation concerns definition of economic life of the nation in general, i.e. any nation. The second theoretical situation concerns definition of dependence of economic life of the nation, i.e. it is about colonization by one nation another. The third theoretical situation concerns definition of semi-dependence of economic life of the nation, i.e. it is about neocolonization. The fourth theoretical situation concerns definition of independent economic life of the nation.
Economic life of the nation, as well as certain person, consists of the following components: quantity of the made product, quantity of the consumed product. In this case there are following options of economic development of the nation and certain person.
The made product completely is withdrawn by one party (the nation or the person) and then a part of a product is transferred to that who has made it: the relation the slave – mister - dependent economic life. In the relations between the nations is a colonialism, and between people – mister and the slave, that is slavery.
The made product partially remains at the producer, and a part is transferred to other other party having influence: if the relation between people is feudalism, and the relation between the nations - neo-colonialism.
The made product completely is consumed by that who has made it - it is called economic independence as separate nation and certain person.
Has passed the period of colonial dependence of Kazakhstan on Russia in 250 years in our opinion in 3 stages: 1 stage. Since the 17th century imperial Russia has imposed the Kazakh nation with unreasonable taxes which were called at the beginning ясак, and then a pokibitochny tax.
- In the 18-19th centuries violent withdrawal by the imperial government at the Kazakh nation of the most fertile lands also transfer to their Russian immigrants and Cossacks was carried out, that is economic life of the Kazakh nation passed in severe conditions of colonization and replacement of Kazakhs from the most fertile lands.
- 1917 - 1991 of the USSR under the direction of the CPSU carried out injurious operation of natural resources - oil, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, grain, chemical production, etc. the USSR carried out more tough colonial policy in comparison by imperial Russia. In the economic plan all product was transferred to the so-called center (Russia) and economic life of the Kazakh nation has been subordinated to Moscow.
Since 1991 independent Kazakhstan has entered a new phase of economic life as independent nation. The new phase was entered by 14 more colonies of the former USSR; it was very heavy to them to take a new way development [4]. It was difficult also to the countries of the so-called socialist camp which left neocolonial dependence on the USSR - it is the countries of Poland, Vietnam, Romania, Mongolia, Czech Republics, etc. This most difficult economic phenomenon, namely creation of independent economic life of the dependent republics and the countries which were former colonials, isn't studied yet. Influence of Russia is still big on these countries, and Kazakhstan not an exception.
Important component of a factor of independence of development of economic life of the Kazakh nation consists in formation, search and the choice of a new vector of development of the Kazakh nation. The vector of development of economic life of the Kazakh nation consists that it is necessary to investigate the following problems. To define economic influence of the large states on the Kazakh nation, that is to reveal influential forces which essentially can affect development of economic life of the Kazakh nation.
The first problem in the context of a development vector in the conditions of an independence factor - it in an explicit form for Kazakhstan it is necessary to analyse the main forces of influence and influence:
- Russian,
- Chinese,
- USA and
Unfortunately, Russia continues to regard Kazakhstan as the colony and the prospect at the Kazakh nation in joint development with Russia one is a neocolonial life of the Kazakh nation. China one regards Kazakhstan as the future colony and the prospects of joint development with China in Kazakhstan – neocolonial. Here it is possible to use an allegory - the Kazakh Tulpar is in a vice between the Russian bear and the Chinese dragon. The USA and Europe have insignificant economic influence on Kazakhstan. Therefore the first group of vectors of development of the Kazakh nation can be defined as unequal alternatives of a vector of development of joint economic development of the Kazakh nation with Russia, China, the USA and Europe.
The second problem in the context of a factor of independent development of Kazakhstan is a definition of equal alternatives of joint economic development of the Kazakh nation. In an explicit form for Kazakhstan there are equal alternatives of a vector of development:
- Turkic world,
- Islamic
Development of the Kazakh nation in the Turkic world has the following direction: 1 Turkey – is the most optimum partner for effective interaction.
2 The countries of Central Asia – Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan. Development of the Kazakh nation in the Islamic world has the following directions:
- Saudi Arabia and Gulf States,
- Iran,
In the conclusion it should be noted that in the long term Kazakhstan should pass a difficult way, it is necessary to choose such directions of independent development which will allow making independent economic life of the Kazakh nation despite world calls and crises. In this regard President RK N. A. Nazarbayev specifies:
"First, the current global crisis has comprehensive character. Practically all world markets - financial, hydrocarbonic, metals, food and others are unstable. It is the main reason for decrease in demand for our export production.
Secondly, delay of economic growth happens in all economies of the world. Any more nobody is surprised by continuous decrease in forecasts for growth of global GDP. Since fall of 2011 the International Monetary Fund already 6 times reconsidered expected indicators, having lowered them from 5 to 3 percent. And, most likely, it is not a limit;
Thirdly, there is no oil super income today.
Fourthly, the global economy is under pressure of political factors. The world became unstable. The leading powers have imposed sanctions against each other. Between them the trust has sharply decreased. Instability and the conflicts in the region of the Middle East, North and Central Africa have led to large-scale flows of refugees. Every day brings messages on acts of terrorism and death of dozens of people. Serious peace is endangered now by the international terrorism. It is result of destruction of statehood by intervention of external forces in internal affairs of the sovereign states.
Development of the world will happen against the background of fierce competition of the world and regional centers of force. We have to oppose to calls of new global reality the complete strategy of actions on the basis of our real opportunities" [5].
References:
- http://24.kz/ru/news/top-news/item/161101-poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazakhstan-n-nazarbaeva-narodu- kazakhstana-31-yanvarya-2017-g
- Несипбаева К.Р. Налоговая политика царизма в Казахстане. – Алматы,
- Алма-Ата.Декабрь Книга хроника 2. – Алма-Ата, 1992.
- Абенов Е., Арын Е., Тасмагамбетов И. Казахстан: эволюция государства и общества. – Алматы,
- https://mod.gov.kz/rus/poslaniya_prezidenta/?cid=0&rid=2165