Abctract
The geopolitical location of Kazakhstan, located in the center of Eurasia, a complex ethnic composition, the desire to create an open market system in the economy made it necessary to conduct a peaceful foreign policy. Kazakhstan announced to the world about their positions as soon as proclaimed independence. "The Republic of Kazakhstan its relations with other states based on the principles of international law", - declared in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The economic conditions of ability to live which are the economic base of tourism have changed, and this business factor has essentially limited participation in tourism of many social strata. The balance between astronomical and working hours, defining extraworking hours has changed. Which is possible for immutable employment and leisure. In a number of departments there were instead of one annual two truncated holidays during different seasons. Levels of knowledge and erudition of the population, public health, an urbanization, character of labor and family-household activity have changed. Simultaneously with it the turistko-excursion system has changed and has accordingly changed vision of a situation and prospects. The thesis about successful geographical and geopolitical position of Kazakhstan which became an ordinary stamp in works of the authors far from knowledge tourizm of technologies is doubtful. World practice has proved that high cost of the entry visa reduces quantity of tourists.
The economic conditions of ability to live which are the economic base of tourism have changed, and this business factor has essentially limited participation in tourism of many social strata. The balance between astronomical and working hours, defining extraworking hours has changed. Which is possible for immutable employment and leisure. In a number of departments there were instead of one annual two truncated holidays during different seasons. Levels of knowledge and erudition of the population, public health, an urbanization, character of labor and family-household activity have changed. Simultaneously with it the turistko-excursion system has changed and has accordingly changed vision of a situation and prospects. The thesis about successful geographical and geopolitical position of Kazakhstan which became an ordinary stamp in works of the authors far from knowledge tourizm of technologies is doubtful. World practice has proved that high cost of the entry visa reduces quantity of tourists.
Recommendations to use for torizm the purposes a medical dirt, mineral sources and other health-sanatorium resources references on which are a platitude proceedings, branch researches, public articles are problematic. As a rule, data such are in researches on the tourist of geography along with medical characteristics of their useful properties. Thus always there are no research results of their appeal to Intourists in comparison with for a long time known like prestige resorts (Karlovy Vary, the Caucasian Mineral waters, Baden-Baden etc.) At perfectly equipped polyclinics. And also there are no professional calculations of all necessary infrastructure. Which can be created taking into account available capacities. And, the vain, the nation-wide requirement for mass improvement which is caused by difficulties of a transition period is absolutely ignored and proves to be true both official medical statistics, and weekly publications the SMI
In the new concept, be based on entertaining leisure, the important place to the rest centers is taken away.
However development of the Kazakhstan centers of leisure shouldn't be limited by modernization of the former recreation parks, copy the western samples and separate cities. Huge empty territories in not mastered areas can become the largest and the first in the world complexes reproducing the lost historical and cultural values: ханские rates, fields of battles, auls, move to a new place on zhailau. One more problem of the Kazakhstan tourism was advancement in the world market touristic product. Because of debts against the WTO Kazakhstan didn't participate in the international tourist fairs. But after its almost full repayment possibility of visiting of the international exhibitions in Berlin, Moscow, London, Paris, Tashkent has opened [1].
Summing up it is necessary to notice that the tourism history in Kazakhstan consists of continuous and consecutive numbers of repeating events, as the general history of tourism and mankind. In any historical interval of time the major criterion of definition of constantly arising problems is in final a result efficiency of their decision. Certifying in scientific judgement touristic development and absence of practical recommendations, nevertheless it is necessary to recognize backlog that administrative and legal reaction promotes touristic progress. Tourism as a part of universal culture is included into sphere of professional interests of many special disciplines and thereof can't in exclusive conducting geography or economy and pedagogical geography, or any other group of discipline.
The analysis the tourist of the activity, made in the given research, shows that tourizm isn't limited to sphere of sports tourism, the pedestrian campaigns and mountain ascensions, and presented by variety of transport travel in concrete historical, economic, ideological, legal, technical, geography literature expression.
Studying by the tourist of activity shows that except Komsomol and state systems touristic the organizations the international tourism, were engaged 10 earlier the groups not established by researchers touristic establishments and the enterprises. Kaztoursovet and Kazsovprof in system of trade-union tourism, republican club of climbers, Committee on physical culture and sports at Ministerial council KazSSR, the Kazakh society of friendship and a cultural contact with foreign countries, airline "Aeroflot", the joint Soviet-foreign enterprises, cooperative societies and small enterprises. The inconsistency of opinion on the state monopoly for tourism from this follows [2].
Uniform development of world and Kazakhstan tourism is established from presence general forms, methods and the maintenance the tourist of activity: individual and group rounds, transport tourism with use a gift and camp sites, cultural-informative and other kinds of tourism, advancement on the market of a tourist product by advertizing, exhibitions and other actions, the public and state tourist's organizations, transpot the branch tourist's organizations, joint-stock companies, the enterprises with the mixed foreign and domestic capital, branches abroad, the private and governmental enterprises, legal base, ideological maintenance, tourist resources in the form of historical and cultural, natural, industrial, medical and other objects. Their generality is established for the different historical periods and the countries.
Proceeding from domination of the transport travel having economic-financial indicators and several times much more quantity of routes, the natural conclusion about unreasonable representation of history of the Kazakhstan tourism in modern researches as follows history basically mountain ascensions, the pedestrian campaigns and sports tourism [3].
Specificity of the Kazakhstan international tourism consists in active use of organizational and is material- financial possibilities public (trade-union and Komsomol the organizations, societies of friendship and a cultural contact with foreign countries) the organizations in Kazakhstan and their analogs abroad, in use of tourist potential for needs of defense of the state and in agitator-propaganda the purposes for strengthening of the international authority of Kazakhstan, in use безвалютной and barter forms of a tourist exchange in the limited currency possibilities, in historical attachment of geography of tourism to routes and and to cultural-historical monuments of the Silk way.
Summing up, it is necessary to notice that only use of strict methods of a historical science has allowed to reveal the basic laws of tourist development and to reconstruct a full and complete picture of the Kazakhstan tourism. The circle of questions, documentary sources, the historical periods for the subsequent researches of history of tourism in Kazakhstan is simultaneously certain.
References:
- Dvornichenko V.Razvitie of tourism in the USSR (1917-1983). – Moscow, 2012. – P.112.
- Nemoljaeva E, Hodorkov L.F. International tourism: yesterday, today, tomorrow. – Moscow, 2011. – P.176 .
- Barchukova S. International cooperation of the states in the field of tourism. – Moscow, 2012. – P.25.