The article shows the development of the economy and tourism through the historical and cultural monuments. There is certain interest of the tourist cluster of the East Kazakhstan region. By studying this subject more deeply, the author tries to tell and prove with concrete examples that East Kazakhstan is a rich past and an even more promising future.Great attention is paid to the scientific significance of objects, as in East Kazakhstan there are objects of interest for science. Examples of data in research on the development of the economy is one of the most significant of this work.
The state program "Madenimyra" "Cultural Heritage" in a short historical period of time began to be perceived as a classic brand of our country, symbolizing the spiritual continuity, connection times, generations and traditions of statehood on the territory of Kazakhstan as a full-fledged component of universal historical, cultural and civilizational process. In general historical terms it is a unique project of modernity, which in scope and results is the best in the entire post-Soviet space[1].
At the same time, the previous period of implementation of the program "Cultural Heritage" in the Republic of Kazakhstan (2004-2007) showed a high demand for state custody in the case on conservation and enhancement of material and intellectual values of past generations. Careful attitude to its historical heritage in a supranational business enterprise and erasing ethnic boundaries testifies to the priority of moral and ethical values in the Kazakhstan society and a clear protectionist policy of the state, which seek to strengthen its national prestige in the international arena. The richness of cultural heritage of Kazakhstan is determined not only by its contribution to the treasury of world history, but also brings significant potential breakthrough in the future, as noted the President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev history "will give impetus to the development of national spirit" [2].
Respect for antiquity is undoubtedly one of the signs of true enlightenment. Which is characterized for our society by a growing interest in historical and cultural monuments. This is not a random phenomenon. It testifies to a new rise of culture, the development of self-consciousness of the people, its rich spiritual life [3].
One of the most important areas in the field of culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan are the issues of preservation of historical and cultural heritage, which has a special role in the formation of identity and ethnic groups. Monuments are the common thread that connects generations through the preservation and augmentation of the traditions and distinctive cultural values. They are one of the most important components of the cultural heritage, serve important social functions, serve the purposes of development of science, education and culture, the formation of a sense of patriotism, ideological, moral and aesthetic education.
Among the 25 million registered sites parking of primitive people of Kazakhstan, the city having a thousand-year history.Among these many thousands of archaeological evidence of the real gems of ancient, medieval, oriental architectural art. According to the State list of monuments TSC local and national significance, approved by Decree of the Department East Kazakhstan regional №560 on 25.04.2008. All the monuments of historical and cultural heritage in the East Kazakhstan region is 627, of which the republican importance is 15, local is 612. All this memory is the memory of our people, and it must not disappear. Among the monuments of republican significance is considered historically important buildings as the burial Shilikty, Berel, mazarKozy-Korpesh and Bayan-Sulu, estate complex Abay, (Which includes the memorial complex Abai-Shakarim uniting the grave of Abai and Shakarim in a single unit). Yamishevskay the gates, odnominaretnaya mosque and the house where the writer was born in Semipalatinsk MukhtarAuezov, monument TolegenovTokhtarov in Ridder, complex Ak-Baur in Ulan district and other monuments of national importance.
At the present stage Republic of Kazakhstan aims to implement the model of creating a competitive economy in priority sectors that have potential to improve competitiveness. To achieve this goal applies one of the hottest topics today in Kazakhstan a cluster policy.
Today, as Kazakhstan is on the threshold of the planned international exhibition EXPO 2017 in Astana recognized by the Bureau of International Exhibitions (BIE), which will be held in Astana in 2017. The theme of EXPO: "Energy of the Future." Expo 2017 expects the participation of more than 100 countries and international organizations, and 8 million visitors.
There is certain interest of the tourist cluster of the East Kazakhstan region. According to the program of cluster development of the East Kazakhstan region, the tourist cluster is to become one of the leading regional clusters.
East Kazakhstan is one of the most attractive region for tourism. There are combines different types of landscapes and historical and cultural objects, allowing to develop practically all kinds of tourism.
The main competitive tourism product in the region can be distinguished environmental, cultural and educational, scientific, therapeutic, beach, ski tourism.
There are six important recreation areas in East Kazakhstan region. They are: north-eastern (Belykhinsk); eastern (Markakol); northern (Ridder); western (Semey); central (Bukhtarma reservoir, Sibinsk and Dubygalin lakes); south (Alakol) [4].
The most competitive places is Bukhtarma reservoir, Katon-Karagai valley, river basin Irtysh and central Altai, these are the most beautiful places with interesting cultural and historical sites, representing a wide range of entertainment and a huge consumer potential. These areas are situated priority tourist clusters of the Eastern Kazakhstan.
Much attention should be paid to the scientific significance. There are objects of interest to science in East Kazakhstan. One of those objects is Tarkhan geological record, it has global importance, but unfortunately, it lose official status [4 p. 5].
Due to that tourism is ecologically acceptable and bringing considerable income type of business, to enhance tourism and recreational activities necessary to develop tourism infrastructure and to implement active marketing. It is need to rebuild the work of tourism business for the creation and development of the cluster. Also there needs to combine the association of not only tourist firms, but also small and medium businesses, services which are required for a tourist, getting in our area without inconvenience. The weak link in the tourism business in the region are the hotels and transport. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in infrastructure for the development of tourism cluster.
Cluster policy pursued by the state promotes the effective and mutually beneficial cooperation of tourism subjects and increasing the competitiveness of the tourism product inside the cluster in the global market.
The East Kazakhstan region has the necessary resources for the development of domestic and inbound tourism. Today, the region is characterized by:
- high rates of economic development; investment attractiveness;
- advantageous geopolitical and geographical location; transport accessibility;
- entertainment industry;
- presence of educational institutions, preparing professional staff of the tourist industry [4. p. 11].
The development of tourism is directly related with the development of transport infrastructure. Nonresident tourists mostly arrive to the territory of our region by car or by air. For the purposes of domestic tourism is increasingly used road transport. Organizing tours and excursion routes depends on the state of roads.
The length of public roads in the region amounted to 11.7 thousand. km, 3,4 thousand. km of them is republican roads and 8.3 thousand. km of road is regional significance. 95% of the roads have the hardsurface pavement it is about 11.1 thousand km [5].
Automobile fuel services carried 457 petrol stations.
One of the major factors affecting the development of international and domestic tourism are passenger transportation.
Currently, five airlines operate regular flights to international destinations: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Bayan-Ulgii, inland: Astana, Almaty, Karaganda.
Currently, the East Kazakhstan region airports with access to international air travel are located in the cities of Ust-Kamenogorsk and Semey. At the airport of Ust-Kamenogorsk in order to improve the quality and reduce the time of registration was made replan, modified process flow sheet passing the border and customs control, replaced the frontier cabins, custom designed "green" corridor.
However, in general, to increase the number of trips made by using air transport, it is necessary to expand the geography of passenger transportations, to update its flying stock, determine pricing and tariff policy, and improve service quality.
The tourism industry brings direct income, while tourism spending permeate many levels of the economy, creating not only direct but also indirect employment. It also provides foreign exchange earnings and replenishing the state budget, assisting small and medium businesses, stimulates the development of handicraft and cottage industry, expanding consumer market of goods and services; that promotes economic development of the regions, without involving any other commercial or industrial base. Developing countries are more appropriate to develop the service sector, as the recovery manufacturing require investments.
- F. Mazhitov. Nacional'nyj strategicheskij proekt «Kul'turnoe nasledie» v kontekste sovremennoj istorii Kazahstana. http://www.iie.kz/pages/134.jsp (in Russ).
- Ageev A.I., Bajshuakov A.B. Kuroedov B.V. StrategicheskajamatricaKazahstana: retrospektiva, sovremennost' iscenariibudushhegorazvitija. – M.: INJeS CA, 2006,328 (in Russ).
- Republic of Kazakhstan Agency on Statistics. [Electronic resource] Access mode. URL: http: //stat.gov. kz/faces/homePage (reference date 11/27/2013).
- Kaigodtsev A.A. Prespectivuklasternogorazvityaturisma v VostochnomKazakhstane// Science and education in the modern world: Coll. Intern materials. scientific-practical. Conf. Vol. 4. Ust-KamenogrskM .: Media Alliance, 20122013. p. 182-191(in Russ).
- The official website of the Committee of the tourism industry. [Electronic resource] Access mode. URL: http://www.kit.gov.kz/index.php/ru/ (reference date 11/27/2013).