The article emphasizes the modern young generation needs to develop in the interests of today's of society demands, which has accumulated in the traditions of ancient monuments of poetry.
The legacy of Kazakh poetry in the history of the Kazakh artistic word is the source of the true national character and the national motive of the dictionary art of the Kazakh people. Thus, through dombra, poets sang the zhyrau, which is a good example for the younger generation, the influence of the older generation, through deeper study of the heritage.
Through a deeper study of the poetic and zhyrau heritage – which is the modern wealth of the country, the unity of the nation, the independence of the country, the feeling of love for the country of its homeland with high moral standards, independent life, the preparation of a tolerant citizen.
The Kazakh nation has deep history, rich culture, great art and unique intellectual heritage.
Modern scientists investigated many priceless works of reached us age-old treasures of history and culture of the people. Displayed in the cultural heritage of the brightest lessons of history, sacramental knowledge of predecessors prompted contemporaries to give a new impetus to their progressive teachings through modern tradition.
Revolutionist-democrat V.G. Belinsky said: "The nations which do not have political freedom, one of the stands is literature" [1, p. 45]. From this viewpoint poetry of zhyrau certainly served as a means of training and education of nomadic people in the absence of national educational institutions.
From the position of circumstantial research of features of original primal Kazakh literature, that is, the imperishable of works of zhyrau with a view to most profitable use of samples high moral standards, noble traditions of education for the younger generations, represent the basis productive scientific work ethnographer S.Kaliyeva.
Attentive study of the works of Zhyrau-akyns leads to the incontrovertible conclusion: in the foreground all their creative activity stands awareness of national identity and commitment to the foundations of national education.
The basis of this world outlook is the conviction that the only person who has received national edu-cation, esteeming his people as his own father and mother and be able to consciously call homeland as Motherland, become mannered citizen, patriot, respecting the language of his people, the national arts and culture. In practical measurement, development of the spiritual descendants of the world through education tribesmen love, respect for the ancestors’ conquest implies becoming individuals capable of in the future they become a reliable support. For the education of such feelings assumes great importance the poetry of zhyrau.
Definitely cognitive and educational heritage of properties zhyrau covers a very broad spectrum of life issues. These precious annals introduce us not only to specific events of bygone eras. Relying on the a rich educational experience gained by the founders of the genre, the followers of the teachings of great responsibility instilled descendants personal qualities such as diligence, a craving for knowledge and the arts, brought life-affirming moral values to future defenders proudly defended the honor of his family and homeland. This series includes instructions for saving the world and the consent of relatives, fostering respect for the elders.
Since ancient times of the moral qualities of the Kazakh girls worshiped politeness, courtesy, tact, deference. Image of Kazakh dzhigits identified with noble knights, generous, determined and courageous defenders of the people. The older generation instructed to teach the youth prudence, show examples of decent education. Honoring, and encouraging the development of all possible sagacious mind, wisdom, genius, righteousness in the formation of personality contributed to the formation of national identity and citizenship.
For example, in the history of the Umbetey Zhyrau heritage, who lived in the midst of a troubled period called "Aktaban shubyryndy, alkakol sulama", there was an image of the community and hero than the khan. Famous zhyrau was a reliable companion, a flame poet, a friend of Bogenbai Batyr. For the first time, it was the hand of Bogenbai Batyr who defeated the Kalmyks and beat them. He praised the heroes of the war, "Bogenbai's Death", "Bogenbai's Death to Ablai Khan", and he praised the people's heroes, headed by
Bogenbay.
"Kalmyk will not be defeated" was the ashes of the fake nickname, Bogenbay, who was the country's defender in the struggle against the Dzungars, was especially characterized:
The precious herbs, Like Bogenbay False lands
In the summer, the fox took a fox, a bunch of thick eagles
Like Bogenbay –
that is equal to the majestic Alatau and subdues it to the ravenous eagle. "You're out of iron, Bogenbay" that respected. Zhyrau showed Bogenbay’s irreversible courage:
Adding to the White Shawl A heavy hand hit,
You destroyed Kalmyk. Kabanbay and Bogenbay Argyn and Naiman
Left him move! –
strong efforts to protect the land, that feat:
"What kind of kick-offs is that?" He exemplifies the heroic deeds of a destructive warrior who had begun to dodge the dome.
The heroic hero who survived the homeland, the vast territory of our people, the whole of Sary-Arka, You scattered the Kalmyk,
The Black Irtysh, Altai Mountain!
is described in detail. In their trim, they call people to prosperity and heroism.
Ablai Khan, who died in the wake of the famous commander's death, told him that his "Saryarka came from Urgench, a thick Kazakh nation", Tole bi's camel,
At the age of twenty,
When fighting with Kalmyk, the enemy cried out, Accustomed to attack ...
"he said, pointing to some of the moments of the campaign against the invaders.
Not only Bogenbay, but also Ablai, Zhyrau, who was the author of the khan's name under Ablai, who did not brag about the nobility of the people, defended heroic character of heroes and dances, defended their heroism,
By the way,
Fair power is blunt, What a runaway fight.
Sometimes a hero, dancing, The same gift I gave you, Do not forget, it Ablai!
or,
The Kara kerei Kabanbay, Khanzhygaly BogenbaySary, Bayan, Saginbay, Fired against the enemy, put out the soul,
your batyr Ablai perished!
He recalled and rebuked the great days and victories of Ablai in the past. Zhyrau is a self-proclaimed messenger, one of the most famous heroes died.
Wai, Ablai, Ablai How Ablai is this?
Angrily your adversary, Shoot at the enemy, spirits came out
The Hero Bogenbay –
"The death of your beloved son the shattering of the trunk, your shin broke down,"he shouted at the death of his beloved Bogenbay, his heartbreaking death.
After Bogenbay Batyr died, My eyes are full of lake!
When the hero returned from his deportation, the hiere where near him, saying, "I held the hero in hand, I gave his salaam," praising and glorifying the heroic deeds of a destructive hero who had begun his capture.
Studying the zhyrau, we see that every man is trying to instill patriotism and patriotism through the image of the heroes, who are the supporters of unity, solidarity and peace.
Pride and exultation in zhyrau about the glorious deeds of ancient Kazakhs, clear evidence of national feelings of the early Zhyrau-akyns. The presence of this feature distinguishes Kaztugan zhyrau in his work "Steppe and steppe people". He emphasizes the importance of educating youth in the spirit of patriotism, based on respect and love for the country and for his people.
For example, he enthusiastically sings: My umbilical cord cut by my people, Mud washed my couches by my people, Bow fashioned from Karagay,
Turned into flight the enemy,
Filled my quiver with arrows,Soul Warding became my people [2, p. 29].
If you penetrate more deeply into meaning of works zhyrau of 15-16 centuries, it is clear that the reasons of military campaigns, protracted conflicts and periodic clashes were disputes over land ownership, described in zhyrah "Overgrown lake", "sand and water", "Forest Spring","running water","Sary-Arka favored". That is, somewhere dealing with the protection nomadic camps, parking, property claims from fellow foes, or the reflection of sudden invasions of conquerors; somewhere refers to the military campaign to retake captured before the enemies of the possessions, but somewhere with characteristic his time historical realism tells of its own military forays into foreign lands in order to expand territories.
Shaped instructive thoughts formed by experience of Shal-akyn’s life appeal to the youth to educate positive moral qualities, sense of justice, humanity and strive for mutual understanding:
In hand with a good man Honor waits for you,
With unworthy life will bring,
Will be your place flush with the wolf Wallow in the marsh mud.
Or another example: Need a bad one to God? Will leave he good?
Say your word of honor among worthy, Will you be forgotten?
With villain to make friends
In any of the days not escape trouble,
His malicious nature will turn against you. Not call a bad one as a friend,
Once you regret it,
He will go against you!
Deep thoughts of zhyrau tell about human nature steppe inhabitants, sober attitude, which in combination with folk wisdom serve as a moral beacon for ordinary people.
Shal akin in his zhyrah told about leaders who are concerned about the welfare of the people and leading him by a tasteful ways. Possession of knowledge, responsive and resilient stock character, humility, candor, fairness in the poetic image zhyrau extolled as the highest moral ideal worthy of emulation by young people. His commandments survived the centuries:
Inborn sages even a bit
But they are compared with a thousand,
If instead of deceased worthy a native of village Appears equally a good man,
Village of comparable with faded grass.
Zhyrau encourages to avoid unjust rulers, castigates arrogance and indifference to others, exposing their selfishness: From someone who considers himself better than anyone, even orphans and disadvantaged Turns harm.
Referring to the ideas of humanity, bard makes the basis of his works thinking that human decency is measured by his temper and mind, knowledge and education, openness and generosity, sincere honesty, conscience and diligence.
If your friend tetchy,
Compare him with the capricious girl If an evil man was your friend,
He that rock coming tag along Or another example:
In knows his character horseman Is there a flaw in the behavior?
Thus zhyrau makes listeners think about moral education. Raising the issue of good and evil, praising righteous deeds and good intentions, respectable people popularizing the inherent positive qualities of character, true friendship, zhyrau castigates all evil:
If a bad man will come grace puffed up, Good man grace tie bird of luck,
When winning a small test Immediately identify other and foe. Another example:
Unworthy people find it difficult to evaluate yourselfAll others consider beneath them,
Respectable compared with spring water or tall mountains, They all met with respect [3, p. 369].
These lines appeal to thinking about real cases of life, occurring opposites in human activities. Outlining the difference between the concepts of good and evil, popular praising benefactors zhyrau tipping thinking people in difficulty, to his side.
Generally, in all the works of the people recognized Zhyrau-akyns destiny tribesmen future of a nation always occupies the first place. They justify their mission calls for unity, peace and independence. Zhyrauakyns generations constantly echoed that prosperous existence is unanimous aspirations for high ideals, cooperation and mutual assistance.
Only under this condition, the future looks them stable and prosperous. Speaking about the need to strengthen the foundations of Kazakh society, they bequeathed to his people for generations to follow the precepts of the sages.
Bukar Zhyrau critical instruction reveals the meaning of proverb "If brothers in harmony, stranger goes with longing":
Gather ruling council Find the common solving,
Let your border will not be achievable for the horse, Let not suffer all the commandments of another's soul, Silenced even stunned enemies
When you perform as consanguineous brothers! [3, p. 324]. Damaging grass to cattle near the village -
Spoil environing view. Fellow tribesmen arguing People drop the glory.
If daughter quarrel among themselves Become unsightly village itself
The problem has one root Quarrels of tribesmen [2, p. 93].
Bukar zhyrau criticizes restless quarrelsome relatives, denouncing their wise proverb: "We live in discord
the habits of disadvantaged people." Sage encourages consent save to create a common good. He folded saying about accessories "hands to sleeves and gates for a head," which justifies every man foreordained role in life.
Following his legacy, Kazakhs should strengthen the bonds of brotherhood and multiply by fostering a spirit of cooperation and fraternal relations not to be subject to devastating invasions.
That is, one of the ideas is to create a moral zhyrau generality of the people to organize a system of protection against enemies and preserve the integrity of possessions.
Made three years ago thought sages still have not lost their relevance.
The exaltation feeling of patriotism, education noble qualities like courage and heroism, wisdom and friendship, is a very important social foundation for the education of new generations in the spirit of trying to unite the nation, love for his people, the earth, in order to effectively develop a national independent state.
References:
- Zhumataeva Sh Education of Dulat / Kazakh Language and Literature, 2001. – №3. – 45
- Glorified by five centuries: 2-volume book // compiled by M.Magauin, M.Baydildaev. – Almaty: Zhazushy, 1989. – T.1. – 384 p.
- Suyinshaliev H. History of Kazakh literature. – Almaty: Sanat, 2006. – 904