In this publication features of the formation of anti-corruption culture are considered. Taking into account the experience of foreign countries that have achieved success in this direction, appropriate recommendations have been proposed
On December 26, 2014 "The anti-corruption strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025" was accepted. This strategy laid the foundation for changes it is aware of development of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the states, free from corruption. Its distinctive feature is the special attention paid to anti-corruption culture. "The intolerant relation to corruption has to become a civic stand of each Kazakhstan citizen, and honesty and integrity standard of behavior. Without presence at citizens of anti-corruption culture, resistant immunity to corruption, its public censure achievement of desirable result is impossible. Each Kazakhstan citizen, each family have to understand that fight against corruption business of all society. Essentially important role in formation of anti-corruption culture is played by work with younger generation. Only introduction from the earliest age of anti-corruption standards of behavior will allow to eradicate this social evil.
Important since the childhood to bring up the personality in the spirit of the Kazakhstan patriotism and rejection of corruption." [1]
The carried-out analysis of experience of the countries which achieved the greatest success in realization of anti-corruption policy showed that formation in the society of the atmosphere of rejection of corruption at the moral and ethical level is the most effective approach.
In this regard purposeful work on formation of anti-corruption culture in our country has to cover all educational institutions irrespective of a profile of activity of future graduates. From last year in all higher education institutions the new discipline of "A basis of anti-corruption culture" began to take root into educational process. At the same time at us so far poorly corresponding literature in which world outlook, ethical, moral aspects of anti-corruption culture would reveal the literature which is available on this perspective more has a bias towards disclosure of legal aspects of fight against corruption.
Formation of anti-corruption culture is closely connected with such concept as anticorruption consciousness. The concept "anti-corruption consciousness" comprises all forms of public consciousness. This integrative concept as it incorporates information from the most different sciences, is studied in various subject matters, and at generalization of knowledge of it the exit to the new level of understanding of the studied phenomenon is possible.
Thus, anti-corruption consciousness is in direct interaction with other forms of public consciousness and has all qualities and characteristics peculiar to public consciousness in general.
The anti-corruption culture, just as anti-corruption consciousness, is an integrative form of spiritual culture.
The culture has same advantages, as at consciousness of the person, the same role which it plays in formation and development of all that is defined as social.
As the way of development of reality culture is not separate estimates, norms, not their set, the sum, but only valuable elements taken as integrity. The culture as a phenomenon of consciousness represents integrity and in other relation. The culture is not passive, unclaimed, unrealized knowledge, abilities, beliefs. It represents a peculiar process, internal activity which cornerstone interaction, mutually transition and an associativity of knowledge, skills, competences of the personality, her beliefs, information, sensual and strong-willed components is.
The anti-corruption culture is one of important elements of system of spiritual culture. The person as the subject of culture is the carrier labor, political, legal, ethical, esthetic, moral, etc. cultures which, closely interacting among themselves, in various combinations form fancy symbioses. In system of culture the anti-corruption culture holds a specific place, performing specific functions and keeping integrity and unity of society in a certain measure.
The anti-corruption culture includes in the contents elements practically of all other types of cultures that is connected with the nature of the person as only subject of their integrity. Specifics of anti-corruption culture are concluded not only in an interconnection with all types of cultures. Its contents first of all includes the right and morality. Dialogue which is carried out between all types of cultures fixes existence of close connection between them, emphasizes and increases their complementarity.
The anti-corruption culture is an ability of the person it is conscious and moral to resist to corruption. Important the fact that keeping of such person is also the legal culture.
In modern literature the content of anti-corruption culture is considered mainly as the component is right. Let's notice that it is incorrect to reduce anti-corruption culture completely to legal culture. Legal culture only a part of anti-corruption culture, to a dress, for example, with moral, political a sack Tura.
The anti-corruption culture is not general consciousness and not its separate elements. The anti-corruption culture is the value system which is the cornerstone of corruption rejection as absolutely incompatible with this system.
One of fundamental tools for effective formation of anti-corruption culture is anti-corruption education. "Anti-corruption education the continuous process of education and training which is carried out for moral, intellectual, cultural development and formation of an active civic stand of rejection of corruption by the personality.
Success of anti-corruption policy seems both scientists, and practices in social culture and mentality of citizens. Z. Tufan gives definition to the mentality as the set of thoughts and beliefs creating a picture of the world and fastening unity of cultural tradition .
For detection of ethnic features in formation of anti-corruption culture in Kazakhstan in the present paragraph the culture and mentality of the uniform people of the country from a civic consciousness position without the expressed allocation of certain ethnic groups are considered. This approach answers also the strategic problems of the country directed to formation of the uniform nation the uniform people of Kazakhstan. However in multiethnic and polyconfessional society which Kazakhstan is, the value system and norms of both interethnic integration, and differentiation can be formed. These distinctions also define that variety which remains in the Kazakhstan model of the world and interethnic consent.
The values of the national idea "Mangelik El" designated by the President of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev as consolidating the Kazakhstan society are fundamental in forming of anticorruption culture. These are such values as civil equality, diligence, a cult of learning and education; the secular country the country of tolerance [2].
Civil equality is provided with the Constitution of the country which affirmed the right of everyone for work, education, protection of health, social equality. These principles are underlain in realization of social and economic, social and educational policy of the state.
Diligence, cult of learning and education, tolerance as values are put not only in regulating documents, but also in traditions, culture, a social thought, mentality of the people.
Mentality of the people inhabiting the extensive territory of the country consisted of the principles of hospitality and tolerance, mutual understanding and mutual aid, respect for traditions, honoring of such qualities as justice, aspiration to knowledge and diligence. The called qualities in a varying degree are inherent also in other people of the world. Mentality of the people is reflected in its daily practice which is a texture of the norms and rules based on traditions, beliefs, tenor of life, economic and material culture.
National bases form basic ideas of categories of rational, irrational, valuable, social behavior of people.
National bases are shown in how these lines at the different people are realized and implemented. These distinctions also predetermine distinctions in anti-corruption culture of the different people as the settled behavioural norms and traditions are transferred to anti-corruption culture. As L. V. Savinov, "here [at different ethnic groups] notices not only other forms, but also other understanding and other perception of corruption" [3].
In traditions of the people rational forms of behavior which can be reproduced already at the irrational level were postponed because there pass a large number of time and this practice becomes routine. Attempts to reveal in them result rational grain in need of deeper penetration into bases of material and spiritual culture of society. Certainly, values of work, education, equality and tolerance resist to asocial, negative forms of behavior to which we refer corruption. Once received assistance to the person, whose help, it can be carried in a row traditional behavioral norms "one good turn deserves another", "асаr", etc. which reflect mutual support and the help on the basis of the friendly or related relations. It is the social value of behavior of the person which is motivated with desire to help
in a difficult situation, but not extraction of own benefit.
The anti-corruption culture is focused on ensuring activity of concrete social system therefore its radical property is complete, system vision of corruption in all its moral, legal, economic, political, resource, technological, ecological, social and psychological aspects and communications..
For our country it is as significant, as for many other states. In the conditions of construction of new Kazakhstan statehood it is important to us to understand that sovereign Kazakhstan has own code of success, the potential and values which should be made active in fight against corruption, removing its cause.
The anti-corruption culture of members of society is one of the main factors of stabilization of society, defines success
fight against corruption offenses on any structural level of society.
Both quality of the legislation, and law enforcement forms, and observance of contractual obligations, and judicial protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the citizen are important in anti-corruption education. A combination of knowledge of moral legal principles and reasonable conformist beliefs a powerful factor of stability, orderliness in life of society.
In conclusion it is possible to note that the level of anti-corruption consciousness, and so, and anti-corruption culture depends on extent of understanding by the personality and society of the destabilizing corruption force.
Problem of education of anti-corruption culture is the statement of zero tolerance to corruption as civic stand of student's youth, development of resistant immunity to corruption offenses, their public censure.
At the present stage of social and economic development the Kazakh a camp overcoming corruption is one of the most important strategic directions of economic and political development of the country. Safety and stability of the republic is impossible without decrease in level of corruption which interferes with development of private business, leads to plunder of natural resources, implementation of investments, unprofitable for national economy, etc. Thus, effective fight against corruption in Kazakhstan requires the solution of all complex of strategic tasks in public, political and economic spheres.
Without support of society the anti-corruption measures taken from above give only partial effect. Therefore the most important direction of the prevention of corruption is effective public control.
As practice, despite low public political activity of citizens shows, in Kazakhstan process of formation of system of public control began.
Important stages of process of formation of system of public control in Kazakhstan became adoption of the laws "About Fight Against Corruption" (1998), "About public service" (1999), "About anti-corruption" (2015), "About public control" (2015), establishment of the special state agency on fight against corruption the Agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan for public service and to anti-corruption
Authorized body for public service and also its territorial departments began practical work to communication with the public, to control of quality of rendering the state services; quality of consideration of addresses of citizens.
National bases of anti-corruption culture are shown also in norms of condemnation of such defects of society as laziness, bribery, theft, injustice and others. For example, in proverbs sayings of different nations negative attitude of the people to dishonest people, regardless of the amount of their enrichment is reflected:
Purposeful work on formation of anti-corruption culture among citizens of our country is inconceivable without formation of appropriate knowledge and culture at students of higher education institutions irrespective of a profile of activity of future graduates. From last year in all higher education institutions the new discipline of "A basis of anti-corruption culture" began to take root into educational process.
To provide teachers of this discipline of information component creation of information complex of the educational developing production directed to training and fixing of knowledge of the basic concepts of modern anti-corruption culture, formation of knowledge of corruption and its destructive influence on society, abilities of identification of corruption behavior model, skills of anti-corruption and assistance to development of zero tolerance in society is necessary.
List of used literature:
- The decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About the Anti-corruption strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025"
- Alekseev S. Corruption: the sociological analysis / under the editorship of O. V. Bondarenko. Shakhty: YuRGUES publishing house, 2008. 270 pages.
- Savinov V. Corruption as mentality of the nation and ethnos. <http://www/> justicemaker.ru/view-article.php? id=15&art=2247, 10.04.2015.
- The decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan "About the Anti-corruption strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2025"
- Alekseev S. Corruption: the sociological analysis / under the editorship of O. V. Bondarenko. Shakhty: YuRGUES publishing house, 2008. 270 pages.
- Savinov V. Corruption as mentality of the nation and ethnos. http://www/ justicemaker.ru/view-article.php? id=15&art=2247, 10.04.2015.