Last third XX century had stormy events in the life of human society. Tectonic displacements in the economic, politic, social structures periodically burn steady order, influent to no predicted order of events. As the base of this movie is scientific and technical progress, their temps are being more and more accelerated. The originality of modern level of scientific and technical progress is explained by foundational sciences that are acquiring determinative meaning [1]. It has causes for it, exactly economic causes. The first, the speed of appealing of new inventions is assisted to increasing of the speed of moral amortization of having technique and technology. Follow for it loss of value of the constant capital causes significant grow of expenses, decreasing of competitiveness. That’s way the deep scientific investigation of using processes’ nature, common principles of various types conditions’ organization becomes the condition for improvement of existing technologies or fast exchanging of old technologies by new. This interest to foundational side of scientific and technical knowledge is so serious, that it is in more determined organizational forms of innovation process, the methods of science and production interaction. Second, new technologies don’t imagine isolated, separated streams. In the whole matters, they are connected and reached each other. But for the complex using of them it is necessary foundational investigations, that are opened new spheres of new processes’, principles’, ideas’ application.
Third, the modern scientific and technical progress gives the opportunity of alternative development ways’ search and application of the same scientific and technical idea in the various spheres with various results from [point of effectiveness. The risk of not pointed choosing of investigation’ direction is very big and can influent to loss of positions in the market, loss of independence before the face of more lucked competitor. The foundational investigation must give ―looking‖ of various ways of new products and orienteer for their measuring. If the expenses for Research and Development are equal, the results may be various.
Innovation process is united stream. It’s separated stages - scientific treatment of technical idea, new technology, its productive using, getting of new product, its commercialization – are various in the organization of labor, methods of management and financing and so on. But, these stages are interconnected and provide the success of innovation process in the integration in the one whole.
The improvement of innovation mechanism at the separate stage doesn’t certainly increase outcome of process in whole. If the significant foundational ideas don’t use for the treatment new technologic processes, and the new technologies don’t transform to the goods of social demand or find very narrow using in the local spheres, the potential of its direction scientific and technical progress practically doesn’t realize for consumer’s demand. The pioneers results at the individual stages loss their significance and are promoted to improvement of whole social production a lot [2].
That’s way for provision of innovation process’ effectiveness in whole the paramount meaning has such forms of its organization, where the result of each stage can serve as the base for progressive moving at the next stage. Especial meaning has being becoming abutment of ideas that is provided continuity, flexibility and dynamism of whole process.
So, the mechanism of innovation process will be effective, when it provides the integration of its whole stages, the speed of working out of the new products, the rapid intervention and distribution on the other spheres of social production. Talking about the innovation process, it is appealed the question about its main bearers, about businessman, that are making the real renovation of production. The originality of economic development of capital economy last years put forward in the scientific and technical progress the small capitals, individual initiators. Some investigators pay attention that in the last tenth before half of new products in the production in the USA was provided by small firms, enterprises and laboratories.
It is marked original division of functions: the big corporations (often with transnational activity) are the main bearers of innovation process in the part when it is connected with familiarization of new products, the transform to the mass product or using in the mass production technology. Connected with hundreds thousands providers the big productive organizations ―sow‖ innovations at the broad spheres of the social production. At the same time the small capitals and organizations, are more mobile and flexible, with success make the function of scientific and technical ideas’ working out to the acceptable state for instillation and no deficiency of the technologies. At the first stages of innovation process the role of small and middle enterprises is very significant.
By the way, if earlier many canals of diffusions of innovations are created and supported by government institutes, now the firms want the more fast distribution of technologies and without stimulation by government side. The opportunity and reality of effective distribution of new technologic and productive experience, short time of its adaptation to the conditions of the concreted firms are based on the using of one standards, high level of flexibility of production’s systems, narrow firm connections and the big consistence of participants [3].
Show the mechanism of pass technologies at the follow example. Present the firm A that is made the technological transfer in the relations with firm B. This exchanging show that technologies and standards of products that is getting the firm B and from the firm C, is giving up satisfactions of the new claims and the firm C will be forced to change technologies. Also it is forced to put innovations and the firm D that is the provider for the firm C.
The high level of speed of this ―chain reaction‖ and mutual interest of the partners in the final success are making the using mechanism effective not only for participants, also for national economic in the whole, because the number of firms that are using advance technologies, is very big, and many of them have abilities to initiate new ―waves‖ in the distribution of experience and new products among the other companies. The big role in the organization and supporting at the high level of institutes and the canals of technologies’ transforming was played and continue to play the government. The experience of many countries proves expedience of working out of government programs to create the conditions for adaptation and distribution of advance technologies in the national economic.
The entrepreneur looks the market at the sphere with constant moving. The high complication and dynamic of surround world sustain the person that is making new products and has the sense of diffidence in the tomorrow. It is cause of necessary of new innovation policy that must make government and enterprises. The first cause of this diffidence consists in increasing internationalization, globalization of the markets. Activity of enterprises distributes on the whole word. They not only familiarize markets, they also at once distribute their productive and investigative divisions. The governments supported them by creating big areas for enterprise’s freedom.
The second cause is the process of satiation by new technologies that are claimed new innovation policy of the enterprise and government. The entrepreneur was involved in the new for it technological competition. For saving its positions in the market he is obliged make progress in the changing of old technique by new technique, and their changing is accelerated. The influence of new products feels and the government, that is responsible for education and foundational investigations [4]. It must react for it.
The third cause is consisted in the changing of values that are influent to the behavior of the consumers. The demand is orientated to the new goods – not dangerous for surrounding world and health, that are satisfied individual needs. The enterprises try to leave behind their competitors by fast changing their supply, and the life circle of production is decreased. The government as the guarantor of the people wealth and safe cannot be on the other side, it must act, create for this process’ development appropriated conditions. The important political task for the government is sustaining of economic grow. The government must make favorable conditions for this grow, and the investments of individual entrepreneurs were put in national economic, not abroad of the country.
The supporting by government of economical grow must is oriented to the innovation process, that plays the central role in the explaining of this grow.
The structured changes as the generator of grow is on the constant influence of the new technological processes. The moving power is the follow elements: innovator, organization and surrounding world, - with condition of their interaction, union in the one system [5].
The central figure in this system is innovator, but for the normal activity it takes returned connection between elements. For example, the element ―surrounding world‖ is constantly influent to the ―organization‖, and the exchanges in the surrounding world reflect exchanges in the organization.
The effective policy of the growing has three bases.
The policy of expectations’ stabilization. To provide the minimal alteration of future signals of the market and sustain the plans and activity of businessman, the policy of growing must stabilize the economic development, exactly it has achieve the state of high employment, relative stability of money, low financial deficit of government and positive trade balance with account of no visual positions. Such policy has common economical targets.
The policy of structured dynamic. The policy of growing must sustain inclination of individual businessmen to investment. It means that the possibilities of enterprises’ activity must be saved or widened. The decreasing of innovational rights mustn’t be let. Once Shumpeter marked that the new products cause creative destruction. On the one hand, the new products are cause of development, exactly, they have creative character, on the another hand they destroy the old, traditional structures, exactly they initiate destruction. The last, certainly, has place in the matter when in the structured exchanges the technical progress makes substitution, not the addition of existed structures. The freedom of innovations has double- faced character. The policy of potential dynamic. If earlier policies are given common conditions for individual business and innovation activity, the policy of potential dynamic can be determined as ―the construction of infrastructure‖, that are necessary for supporting of economical potential. The word ―infrastructure‖ hasn’t one generally recognition determination, uses here in the wide meaning. On the one hand, the government gives the tools of production that are base of the business, on the another hand, it constructs the system of social provision and avoiding of social loss to provide ―the functioning of society‖, exactly the safe and satisfaction of main people needs. The effective business may be with condition of their existing. So, innovation activity is the complex and many stages process. It consists not only original investigation, working out of technology and getting of new product. It is very important also the distribution of new product in the other branches, the adaptation of the new methods and products for other spheres, the forming of the new markets’ sectors. In the common innovation stream the especial meaning is getting the infrastructure – the system of according human resources preparation, the canals of distribution of scientific information, financial methods of activation of scientific search and so on. Without such infrastructure any investigation may be become property of science’s and technique’s history
References:
- Anisimov J.P., Juravlev J.V. The theory and practice of innovation activity / Тext-book. – Voronej, 2010. – 539 p.
- Shemjakina T.J. Innovation process: the regulation and management / Тext-book on the specialize ―Management of organization‖. – Moscow: Flinta, 2007. – 238 p.
- Cokurin D.I. Innovation activity / Тext-book. - Moscow.: Exam, 2001. – 576
- Suleymenov E.Z., Vassiljeva N.V. Integration of education and science / National centre of scientific and technical information review, Almaty, 2006. – 19
- Titov A.B. Marketing and management of innovations / Тext-book. - Sankt-Petеrburg: Piter, 2001. –240 p.