Prenosologic evaluation of status in adult population living in area falled «Proton» launch vehicle

It was evaluated functional status of women and men constantly living in area falled «Proton» launch vehicle.

It was identified physiological features with considering living place in township. Studies have shown an accelerated rate of aging in both men and women, as well as differences in the degree of stress of the central heart rate control loop. Taking into account places of residence differences were found between the parameters of PP, PRV, MVB, ADP and IN indices, and in men in ADP, MVB, MBV and AP, indicating that differences are greater in speed and volume characteristics of the system blood circulation, and the most unsatisfactory ratio was registered in men of the Karsakpai settlement. In Karsakpai women, the pulse pressure index (PP) was maximum against the background of low values of minute blood deflection (MBV) with a high value of peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and low mean dynamic pressure (ADP), which is considered a sign of stagnant phenomena in the vascular bed. Women of Zhezkazgan and men in the village Karsakpai and Satpayev have a fast aging pace and they should pay attention to the lifestyle and if necessary it is recommended to undergo additional examination.

Introduction

Health condition as ecopathological problem is urgent last decade, whereas there is a tendency to increase and severity of diseases. Assesment of role of adverse effects linked with environment pollution on human body represents the main gap for medical sciences.

The environment is described by the presence of unfavorable anthropogenic factors that can influence on population health and likelihood of developing certain diseases. According to epidemiology of noninfective diseases the highest probability of formation of ecopathology is under the influence of chemical factors [1].

So far, little attention has been paid to the problem of the features of the influence of the environment on the state of health of certain population groups that have different sensitivity to the impact of adverse factors.

At present, changes in the environment have reached a qualitatively new level. The development of industry and transport, the increase in the production and consumption of energy, the intensification and chemicalization of agriculture, everyday life, urbanization and urban growth, the formation of territorial production complexes lead to environmental pollution, which already directly affects the health and morbidity of the population region [2].

In this regard fundamental hygienic research has acquired a new direction. It is definition of quantitative links between changes in the environmental factors and the characteristics of the disruption of population health status at the prepathological and pathological levels of the organism.

The main difficulties in this area are due to the variety of operating factors in environment and the differentiation of their individual influence on the population health: professional activity, living conditions, natural and climatic conditions, heredity.

The methodology for assessment risk of exposure of environmental factors on human health is a new, intensively developed worldwide scientific direction. The principles of this methodology stem from the concept of human hygiene and the environment.

Aim. The goal of this research was to assess population health status in prenosological stage in Zhezkazgan and Satpaev city.

Material and methods

Studies were conducted in 236 adults in Zhezkazgan, Satpaev and Karsakpai settlements in Karaganda region of Republic of Kazakhstan.

Selective method was used to form groups with the distribution of them into age cohorts. The groups included: men and women aged 20 to 60 years who did not have a disability and who were not on dispensary supervision (for the purpose of excluding somatic disability), residing in the territory for more than 10 years.

To assess the cardiovascular system (CVS) blood pressure (BP) was measured. This indicator indirectly reflects the volume of incoming blood to the aorta and therefore it is an important indicator of the functional state of the CVS.

For the subsequent calculations of hemodynamic parameters systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) arterial pressure were recorded taking into account the time of ventricular systole.

Blood pressure measurement was carried out according to the Korotkov method with a Bio-PRESS TM manometer.

Age factor was taken into account in those participants who are over 50 years old. Because elasticity decrease of artery walls, depletion of the capillary system and atherosclerotic processes increase the pressure indices.

We calculated the parameters in terms of physiological parameters of systolic and diastolic pressure (SBP, DBP), heart rate (HR), age (A):

• pulse pressure PP = APS - APD;
• average dynamic pressure ADP = 0.42PP + APD;
• systolic blood volume SBV= 100 + 0,5PP - 0,6APD - 0,6V (A — age of participant);
• minute volume of blood MVB = SBV * HR;
• peripheral resistance of vessels PRV = (SPD * 1333 * 60) / MVB;
• index of circulatory insufficiency ICI = BPs / HR;
• vegetative index of Kerdo VIK= (1 - APD / HR) * 100 %.

Variational pulsometry was carried by complex «Varikard», «Ramena» (RF, 2005). The measurement was carried out under conditions that corresponded to the requirements described in the guidelines for the study of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the recommendations of the European Association of Cardiology and the North American Association of Electrophysiology and Cardiorhythmology [3].

The electrodes were applied in 1 standard lead. The registration session was accompanied by the measurement of 256 values of 5 minutes RR intervals and calculation of the spectral power density of the cardiointervals.

Biological age (BV) was calculated according to V.P. Voitenko. The analyzed parameters were body weight (MT) in light clothing without shoes, systolic blood pressure (ABPsis), diastolic blood pressure (ABPdiast), pulse pressure (APp), delayed breathing after deep inspiration (DBinsp), delayed breathing after deep exhalation DBexhal), static balancing (SB), vital capacity of lungs (VCL), health self-assessment index (HSA).

Results and discussion

The ratio of the activity of peripheral hemodynamic parameters in women taking into account the places of residence is presented in Table 1.

Table 1

The ratio of the activity of peripheral hemodynamic parameters in women

Continuation of Table 1

Differences were revealed between residences in different places in PP, SBV, PRV, MVB, ADP and IN indices. These indicators more characterize the velocity and volume characteristics of blood in peripheral vessels.

Related to blood pressure parameters to the values of the age norm (mean sample age is 45 years) it was revealed that indices were slightly higher and large range of differences was recorded mainly on the parameters of diastolic pressure.

The data indicate that in Karsakpai women, the pulse pressure index (PP) was maximum against the background of low values of minute blood deflection (MVD) with a high value of peripheral vascular resistance (PRV) and low mean of dynamic pressure (ADP), which is considered a sign of stagnation in vascular canal.

Biological age (BA) is an integrated expression of age pathology hidden or manifested in the form of not diagnosed diseases. Passport age (PA) although is a convenient measure which assesses the probability of functional capacity reducing in person and worsening his health state, however it is not an ideal measure due to the significant individual variability of aging of the organism.

Available data indicate that there are certain statistical relationships between rate of aging and a numerous social-hygienic factors that can be determined applying to a specific situation of human life.

Depending on the used methods to determine BA may reflect a decrease functional capacity of the body and its performance (functional age) or a decrease body's viability (gerontological age) [4, 5]. The available data in the literature indicate that biological age is an adequate indicator of a person's functional state. Today problem of assessing BA is closely related to the concept of physiological (normal) and pathological (premature) aging. This determines its importance during the solving a number of problems related topreventive ones, if take into account that the living conditions of a person can exert significant influence on BA.

The mean values of PA and BA were coincided only in women from Zhezkazgan, in women from Satpayev this difference was 1 year, and 4 years in women from Karsakpay.

Statistics on the rate of aging indicate that the degree of aging in Satpayev's women is consistent with statistical standards, for women in Zhezkazgan the degree of aging for 1 year is accelerated and they should pay attention to the lifestyle and, if necessary it is recommended to undergo a clinical and laboratory test, in women from Karsakpai the degree of aging was small.

In the SR index, it was revealed that according to the activity of regulatory systems, the women of the Karsakpay settlement (RSAI = 5) were more profitable in functional activity, although they were in the range of «sharply expressed functional tension».

This position is more favorable in relation to the others, because testifies to the active mobilization of protective mechanisms, including an increase an activity of sympatho-adrenal system and the pituitaryadrenal system [6, 7].

The most unsatisfactory position in the levels of functional tension was in women from Zhezkazgan, in whom the degree of centralization in the regulation of the structure of the SR contributed to a decrease in the activity of the autonomous circuit (in the form of a decrease in the spectrum of high-frequency waves (HF%) against the background of high values of the SDR index (624.9 ms. with a normal range of 40–80 ms).

Statistical indicators of the physiological status in men linked with places of residence are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 Indicators of physiological status in men taking linked with places of residence

Continuation of Table 2

There were differences in the settlements among the indicators of ADP, PRV, MBV, AP. Like women these indicators differed in volume and velocity characteristics and in the men of the Karsakpai settlement were the most unsatisfactory results (Fig. 2).

Calculation of the AP index showed that the men from Satpaev and Karsakpai settlement had satisfactory functional capacities of the circulatory system with moderate tension of the regulation mechanisms, and in the men from Zhezkazgan the functional capacities of the circulatory system were good.

In terms of cardiac rhythm, partly in quantitative characteristics of normal cardiac intervals RR, which we estimated by the RMSSD index, it was revealed that this was from the sample of the man from Zhezkazgan.

By frequency characteristics, it was revealed that low frequency waves (VLF%) dominated in the spectrum in all settlements, and the differences were in the ratios of high-frequency (HF%) and vasomotor (LF%) waves (Fig. 2).

It was revealed that men from Karsakpai settlement are in a more unsatisfactory state, especially they entered the range of «pronounced tension of regulatory systems», which is typical for the states of active mobilization of protective mechanisms.

Conclusions

1. Taking into account places of residence differences were found between the parameters of PP, PRV, MVB, ADP and IN indices, and in men in ADP, MVB, MBV and AP, indicating that differences are greater in speed and volume characteristics of the system blood circulation, and the most unsatisfactory ratio was registered in men of the Karsakpai settlement. In Karsakpai women, the pulse pressure index (PP) was maximum against the background of low values of minute blood deflection (MBV) with a high value of peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) and low mean dynamic pressure (ADP), which is considered a sign of stagnant phenomena in the vascular bed.
2. Women of Zhezkazgan and men in the village Karsakpai and Satpayev have a fast aging pace and they should pay attention to the lifestyle and if necessary it is recommended to undergo additional examination.
3. In terms of SR in women it was revealed that the activity of regulatory systems in the more profitable functional activity was women of the Karsakpai settlement (RSAI = 5), although they were in the range of «sharply expressed functional tension», and the men of Karsakpai were in more unsatisfactory state and entered the range of «pronounced regulatory system voltage» which is characteristic of states of active mobilization of protective mechanisms. It was revealed that low frequency waves (VLF%) dominated in the spectrum in all settlements, and the differences were in the ratios of high-frequency (HF%) and vasomotor (LF%) waves.
4. The most unsatisfactory position was in levels of functional tension in women from Zhezkazgan, in whom the degree of centralization in the regulation of the structure of the SR contributed to a decrease in the activity of the autonomous circuit (in the form of a decrease in the spectrum of high-frequency waves (HF%) against the background of high values of the SDR (624.9 ms with a normal range of 40–80 ms).
5. Calculation of the AP index showed that in men from Satpaev and Karsakpai the functional capacities of the circulatory system function with moderate voltage of the regulatory mechanisms.

References

1. Viktorov, A.A., Golodenko, V.I., Gladkikh, V.D., Zokirov, N.Z., & Balyulin, V.I. (2010). Hruppovoi statisticheskii kriterii otsenki donozolohicheskoho sostoianiia individualnoho zdorovia v usloviiah hronicheskoho nehativnoho vozdeistviia faktorov sredy obitaniia [Group statistical criterion for assessing prenosological state of individual health in the context of chronic negative effects of environmental factors]. Donozolohiia i zdorovyi obraz zhizni — Donozology and healthy lifestyle, 1, 21-27 [in Russian].
2. Mukazhanova, A.K., Sultanbekov, Z.K., & Kozlovskii, V.A. (2010). Donozolohicheskaia otsenka sostoianiia zdorovia muzhskoho naseleniia v raionakh padeniia raketonositelia «Proton» [Prenosological assessment of health status in male population in the rocket carrier «Proton» fall area]. Donozolohiia i zdorovyi obraz zhizni — Donozology and healthy lifestyle, 1, 48-52 [in Russian].
3. Shcherbo, A.P. (2014). O znachenii ekoloho-hihienicheskikh markerov kak instrumenta donozolohicheskoi diahnostiki v sisteme «Okruzhaiushchaia sreda — zdorove cheloveka» [About the importance of Ecological and Hygienic Markers as a Tool of prenosological diagnostics in the System «Environment — Human Health»]. Proceedings from Hygienic prenosological diagnosis and prenosological correction of health to form healthy lifestyle ‘14. X Evrasiiskaia nauchnaia konferentsiia — X Eurasian scientific conference. (pp. 49-53). Saint Petersburg [in Russian].
4. Maksimov, S.A., Mazur, Yu.N., Semenihin, V.A., & Ivanova, O.A. (2009). Demohraficheskie aspekty professionalnoho stareniia [Demographic aspects of professional aging]. Proceedings from Profession and health ‘09. VIII Vserossiiskii konhress — VIII Russian Congress. (pp. 309-311). Moscow [in Russian].
5. Afanaseva, R.F., & Prokopenko, L.V. (2009). Biolohicheskii vozrast kak kriterii otsenki uslovii truda (na primere titanovykh splavov) [Biological age as a criterion for assessing working conditions (for example, titanium alloys)]. Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekolohiia — Medicine of working and industry ecology, 2, 1-5 [in Russian].
6. Baevskiy, R.M., Berseneva, A.P. (2008). Vvedenie v donozolohicheskuiu diahnostiku [Introduction to prenosological diagnosis]. Moscow: Slovo [in Russian].
7. Mylnikova, I.V. (2010). Sostoianie vehetativnoi nervnoi sistemy u doshkolnikov promyshlennoho horoda [The state of the vegetative nervous system in preschool children in industrial city]. Sanitarnyi vrach — Sanitary doctor, 2, 32-33 [in Russian].