Summary
Each state in its history seeks to gain independence and the ability to go its own development path.
The well-thought-out policy and nature of Elbasy has led the economy of Kazakhstan to the status of one of the fastest growing economies in the world also in Central Asia. Thanks to the personal contribution of the First President and strong popular support, the Kazakhstan Development Model has become widespread in the world community. This model is the gradual and confident development of the state at a deeply thought-out course.
We have built good relations with all countries of the world and have maintained peace in multinational Kazakhstan. The chairmanship of the OSCE, the holding of the Asian Winter Games, the implementation of the industrial and innovative program, the construction of Astana, the economic recovery, the successful holding of the international exhibition EXPO - 2017, the country's unquestioned authority in the international arena - all these important achievements were realized under the leadership of the First President of Kazakhstan and related to his by name.
Keywords: independent, united nations, сentral Asia, world, Eurasian.
Independent Kazakhstan as Part of the International Relations System
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of new sovereign states the international system underwent profound changes. Independent Kazakhstan faced a task of creating favorable conditions for independent existence, maintaining stability, finding an optimal place of the Republic in the international community to achieve the international authority and respect for the country and people from other states and peoples of the world. In order to implement the above mission, Kazakhstan external policy is based on the doctrine of building good-neighborly relations with neighboring countries along the perimeter of the state border as a superpriority and as a constant of our behavior in long-term perspective. The Head of State Nursultan Nazarbayev emphasizes the importance of friendship and cooperation of Kazakhstan with its neighbors in Central Asia — Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In security system of Kazakhstan an important role is given to the Collective Security Treaty (CST), which was signed in Tashkent on May 15, 1992.
At the anniversary summit of the Collective Security Treaty in Moscow in May 2002, Kazakhstan supported the idea of the Russian President Vladimir Putin on the transformation of the CST in the Collective Agreement Security Organization (CSTO). In October 1992 at the 47th UN General Assembly, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev was the first to introduce the idea of convening a Conference on Interaction and Confidence- Building Measures in Asia (CICA). Armenia signed the Agreement of Accession to the Union on October 10, 2014, and Kyrgystan - on December 23, 2014. Eurasian economic union is an international organization of the regional economic integration, which has an international character. The main body of the Union is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the Heads of the Member States. SEEC Meetings are held at least once a year. The structure of EAEC also include the Intergovernmental Council of the Heads of the Governments, Eurasian Economic Commission and the Court of the Union. 3. Strategic partnerships with the world countries The basis for the Kazakh-Germ an cooperation was founded in September 1992 during the first visit of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev to Germany and the signing of the Joint Declaration on main relations and a number of treaties and agreements in various fields. A feature of the German policy towards Kazakhstan is regional approach. It was the first large-scale event that Kazakhstan ever held in Europe. This gesture symbolized the great interest of the UK in continuation of economic cooperation with Kazakhstan, in the first place, in the development of the Caspian oil resources, and it was a big emphasis of the highest authority of Nursultan Nazarbayev in the world political circles. In the course of the next official visit to the UK on November 4, 2015 the Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev held a meeting with the Prime Minister David Cameron, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on Legal Assistance. In June 1995, Nursultan Nazarbayev personally met with the President France’s Jacques Chirac during his brief stop in Paris, and in November of 342the same year the President of Kazakhstan arrived to France with an official visit. In June 2008, Nursultan Nazarbayev met with the new president of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, and the Kazakh-French relations have reached a new stage of development. In 2009, President France Sarkozy had an official visit to Astana during which a number of bilateral agreements was signed. It appears that the main event in bilateral relations during the recent years was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev’s visit to the US in 2006. A positive aspect of cooperation was the fact that the United States virtually recognized the leadership of Kazakhstan (the reform and economic sphere) in Central Asia and, to a certain extent - in CIS.
During this visit, which bore a purely political character, a joint declaration adopted. Since 1996, a new direction of economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China has been oil. In 1997, Kazakhstan and China signed an agreement to build the pipeline West Kazakhstan - Xinjiang, China, which was completed in 2006. Under the threat of worsening of the situation due to terrorism and extremism in 2000-02, Kazakhstan and China continued actively contact on a bilaterally and multilateral level - in the frame work of the SCO and the CICA. And earlier the Chairman of China was on an official visit to Astana, who became the first head o f a foreign state visiting Kazakhstan after the country held presidential elections. A big share of the agreements had commercial character. Separate agreements confirmed in the framework of the visit, addressed the issues related to EXPO-2017 in Astana. This political tradition was continued in the second half o f the 1990s and in the 2000s. It is based on the essential foundation of economic and cultural cooperation.
Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of India were established at the end of February 1992 during the official visit of the President Nursultan Nazarbayev. During the visit, several documents were signed, which ushered in cooperation between the two countries in political, trade-economic, financial, scientific and cultural fields Iran occupies a special place in the foreign policy of Kazakhstan. This visit did not pursue any specific objectives in politics, economy and culture, but demonstrated an interest on the part of the Arab the collapse of the Soviet Union. It demonstrated the recognition of the success of Kazakhstan years of independence, and significantly enhanced its international authority.
Kazakhstan’s interests as a major Eurasian state are versatile in nature and are not determined by an unambiguously geo -referenced. The value of multi-vector and balance - the two pillars of the foreign policy of Kazakhstan is increased in particularly under these conditions of the need of protection of its national interests. Multi-vectorness became a conscious doctrine of the Republic in the field international relationship. Years of independent development of Kazakhstan have shown that such approach to foreign policy is well-founded. At present time, the Republic Kazakhstan is recognized by numerous countries on all continents of our planet. This historic day of acceptance of Kazakhstan to the United Nations gave me such moments of extraordinary excitement and joy.
Standing on the highest podium of the world at the moment in the most authoritative international organization, and later seeing the national flag of our country raising over the Headquarters of the United Nations, I have experienced the highest sense of pride for their country, their people which can not be described by any words ...»In June o f the same year a permanent Representative office of Kazakhstan to the United Nations was oped by the Presidential Decree. On February 16, 1993 UN representative office was opened in Kazakhstan. Norimasa Shimomura (Japan) has been UN Resident Coordinator in Kazakhstan since December 2015. On October 5, 1992, the President Nursultan Nazarbayev gave his first historical speech at the UN. One of the significant new achievements, as already noted, is the recognition of Kazakhstan as a non-perm anent member of the UN Security Council on the 2017- 2018.
During its membership in the UN, our country has put forward a number of key initiatives that were executed or are at the implementation stage. Thus, Kazakhstan proposed the establishment of the Meeting on Cooperation and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA the UN Special program for Economies of Central Asia (SPECA), rehabilitation of the area of ecological disaster of the Aral Sea and Semipalatinsk, running of the Partnership Program «Green Bridge», to declare August 29 as an International Day against Nuclear Tests, as 2010 and 2013-2022 years - the International Year and the International Decade of Rapprochement of Cultures.
Kazakhstan enjoys great prestige in the world as a country, voluntarily renounced the world’s fourth nuclear arsenal in the world.
On December 2, 2009, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted by consensus the put forward by our country Resolution «On the International Day against Nuclear Action», which marked the 29 of August - the date of closing of Semipalatinsk test site-as historic for the entire planet. This event showed the desire of Kazakhstan, in the spirit of the Helsinki Act of 1975, to address current international issues, to free participate in the European processes, to exchange experiences. For the first time, the country, located mainly in Asia, performed the function of the chairmanship in the European organization. Kazakhstan has occupied a decent place in the world community, has significantly strengthened and reinforced its position in the international arena due to its historical, geographical, economic, social and intellectual potential. Thus, over the past 25 years of independence, young Kazakhstan’s foreign policy has come a long way in which it is growing up together with the whole country, with the people. And it was a rapid maturation, during which every year was equal to a decade.
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