Abstract
This article deals with a new educational map developed by the author, which shows the path and the areas of the national liberation uprising led by IsataiTaimanov and Makhambet Utemisov (1836 - 1838).
After gaining the independence, Kazakhstani historians have discovered many "shortcomings" in the centuries-old history of our nation. It is clear, that at present there are still unknown aspects of the people's liberation uprising led by Taimanuly and M. Utemisuly students to understand the profound essence of the uprising history.
Since the 90s of the XX century, the books and articles about the uprising history led by Isatay and Makhambetbatyrs were published in large numbers. Among them is the book of famous historian I. Kenzhaliev "Isatay-Makhambet", [1] the laureate of the National Award A. Saray's book "The History of Isatay and Makhambet", [2] and also the first expert in Makhambet's life and poetry H. DosmukhamedovzS re-published book "Isatay and Makhambet", [3] A. F. Ryazanov's book "IsatayTaimanuIy" and many articles by Associate Professor N. Kushekbaev. The archival data on the uprising were announced in 1992. We can especially note the collection entitled "People's Liberation Movement of Kazakhs in 1836-1838. Documents, Materials, Articles." The doctor of historical sciences, Professor Zh. KasymbayevzS textbook on the subject "History of Kazakhstan" for the 9th grade of the secondary school was published in 1993. (This textbook is being studied now in the 8th grade/Author). The uprising led by I. Taimanuly and M. Utemisuly in 1836-1838, especially the archive data of the end of 1838 was described in this textbook. The collection of documents entitled "History of the Bokey Khanate of 1801-1852" was published in 2002. These works, as well as the documentary films "In the footsteps of Makhambet", shot according to the scenario of A. Lamashev and "Isatay's horse Aktaban" were the scientific basis for creating this map drawing.
A lot of books about this historical event have been read before drawing this map. On the map, in the beginning we placed IakeZhaItyr and Zhanbai, where Bokeykhan of the Internal Orda moved for the first time. Then, such deserts as Manash, Beketai, Zhanankum, Terektikum, Mintobe, Naizashag were drawn where the battle took place in March 1836. Also, there were drawn the Khan's Orda during the decisive battle of the soldiers of Imperial Government under the leadership of Hecke and the rebels in Tastobe on November 15, 1837... also places of births, death of many figures (Zhangirkhan, Isatay, Makhambet, Dauletkerey, Kurmangazy) were drawn on this map. There were inserted about 30 changes to the map of BokeyOrda uprising in 1836-1837 in the textbook of E. Bekmakhanov and L. Bekmakhanova "History of the Kazakh SSR".
I want to say, that after the defeat in the uprising of the Internal Orda at dawn on 13 December, in 1837 from the moment Oftransition to the side OfAsia from Lake Zhayik to Small Zhuz for the rebels of small detachment led by I. Taimanuly and M. Utemisuly this way was not easy. These data were taken only from archival data and the works of researchers. I. Taimanuly and M. Utemisuly due to their organizational abilities, for less than 6 months after passing the Small Zhuz gathered more than 3 thousand soldiers. [4]The reason for joining so many people in the ranks of the rebels was that they were against the colonial policy of the Imperial government and against the Sultan BaimaganbetAishuakov, who directed the western part of the Small Zhuz implementing this policy. The marching routes of the rebels under the leadership of I. Taimanuly and K. Esimov are shown on the map. While studying the teaching aid, students can see that the main centers of the uprising occupied the entire western part of Kazakhstan, according to administrative data they are Western Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Aktobe, Mangystau oblasts. We believe that historian teachers should draw the attention of students to the fact that the people living on the territory of Manas, the Beketai desert, Zhideli, Orda, Tastobe (now called Tasoba/ Author), Taysogan, Zheltau, Doniztau, Imankara, Oymauyt, Akbulak and in many other territories had their own special places in the uprising against colonial policy. In this case, this work will contribute to the development of patriotic feelings, love for the motherland among the younger generation. The map had been discussed at the educational-methodical Council of our University. Doctor of historical sciences, Professor U. Kydyralin, Doctor of philological sciences, Professor K. Zhusip, Professor G. Dayrov, Professor S. Sagyndykova, T. Tolepberteni, Professor A. Saparov, vice-rector of the University for scientific works, Professor B. Taubaev, associate professors R. Alzhanova, G. Mukysheva and others have given their opinions on this work and noted that the map will be a very useful teaching aid for students of schools and higher educational institutions. The University also received favourable reports on this map from the director of the Atyrau branch of the Central Asian University, Professor B. Baymukashev, assistant professor of the Aktobe State University named after K. Zhubanov U. Ismagulov, assistant professor of the Atyrau Engineering and Humanitarian Institute M. Kuanova. These reviews refer to the compliance of the map with scientific and educational- methodological requirements, about how this teaching aid will help students in studying the above mentioned theme.[4]
Based on these opinions, the University's educational and methodological Council approved the inclusion of the map in the textbook "History of Kazakhstan" as a teaching aid.
The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan has decided to apply this map as a teaching aid for the subject "History of Kazakhstan" in basic and general education schools, Iyceums and gymnasiums, specialized secondary and higher educational institutions from 2004-2005 academic year. In the appendix number-4 of the order number-6 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated on 6 January, 2006, this map was included in the list oftextbooks, teaching aids in each oblast in the 2006-2007 school year. The editorial office "Mektep" in Almaty is waiting for an application for printing this map from the regional departments of education. We wish that the regional departments of education will pay attention to this aspect. If this map will be delivered to all schools of our country, as authors we will be glad that our goal is fulfilled
References:
- Shamgonov A. New educational map about uprising with heads Isatai and Makhambet. Journal OfAtyrau State University 2005, №5. P 209-2012
- Shamgonov A New educational map about uprising with heads Isatai and Makhambet. Scientificjournal "Education in class". Almaty 2007, №2. P 21- 23
- Shamgonov A. Map... Kassymbaev Zh., Omarbek T. "The History of Kazakhstan". Book for 8 grade. Publishing houle "School", 2016
- Shamgonov A. New educational map about uprising with heads Makhambet and Isatai. Journal "Kazakh history" Almaty, 2014, № 7. P 38-41